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Antidiarrhoeal Activity of the Leaf and Fruit Extracts of Dillenia Indica

M Shafikur Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

KM Shams-Ud-Doha
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Roksana Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Plants are playing an important role in the therapy of many diseases. Here we have studied a plant which is Dillenia indica. In this study, ethanolic extract of the leaf and fruit of Dillenia indica was the experimental sample where antidiarrhoeal activity was analyzed. The plant parts showed antidiarrhoeal activity which was measured by castor oil-induced method and charcoal plug method. In the case of castor oil-induced method the percent of inhibition of wet feces was measured and significantly decreased the total number of feces produced by the administration of castor oil; in 2nd hour (for leaf extract, 6 for 200 mg/kg dose and 4 at a dose of 400 mg/kg and for fruit extract, 5.33 for 200 mg/kg dose and 4 at a dose of 400 mg/kg) and 3rd hour (for leaf extract,3 for 200 mg/kg dose and 2 at a dose of 400 mg/kg and for fruit extract 4 for 200 mg/kg dose and 3 at a dose of 400 mg/kg). In the charcoal plug method, the activity was measured by the distance traveled by the charcoal plug. The result was slightly lower than the control and the standard loperamide showed the maximum antidiarrhoeal effect. The average distance traveled by leaf was 28.67 cm and the fruit was 22.67 cm which was lower than the control 41 cm whereas the standard loperamide showed the average traveled the length of 16 cm.

Keywords: Antidiarrhoeal activity, Leaf and fruit, Dillenia indica.

Location: Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-02-2011

End Date: 00-02-2011

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Dillenia

Objectives:

To identify and evaluate commonly available natural drugs as an alternative to currently used antidiarrhoeal drugs.

Methodology:

Preparation of the plant extracts- The plant sample of Dillenia indica was collected from Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in the month of February 2011. The freshly separated different parts (leaves and fruits) of the plant were cut into small pieces, and sun-dried as require to grind these into coarse powder. About 150 gm of powdered leaves and 300 gm of powdered fruits was taken in a flat bottom glass container and was extracted with ethanol. The extract was filtered through fresh cotton plug followed by Whatman No.1 filter paper. The filtrate was then concentrated and dried at low temperature (39ºC). Study of antidiarrhoeal activity -This experiment was carried out by the slightly modified procedure described by Uddin et al. (2005) and Awouters et al (1978). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of crude extracts on castor oil induced diarrhoea. In this method Castor oil is used to induce diarrhoea to all the experimental groups. The defecation is the primer to measure the antidiarrhoeal effect. Each animal was constantly observed for consistency if faecal matter and frequency of defecation. The faeces were collected with an absorbent sheet of paper placed beneath the transparent cages (Mukherjee et al., 1998). The wet faeces were read at the end of the experiment by lifting up the upper part of the cage containing the sheet of paper and animals. Swiss Albino Mice of either sex, aged 3-4 weeks, obtained from the Animal Resource Branch of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) were used for the experiment. Twenty four adult Swiss Albino Mice weighing between 30-40 g were selected and housed in polypropiline cages (30x20x13 cm) in standard conditions for (21± 1ºc with a 12 h light and dark cycle) for 7 days before the experiment. There was free access to water and a normal commercial laboratory diet (ICDDR, B, Dhaka). Twenty four experimental animals were randomly selected and divided into six groups denoted as group-I, group-II, group-III, the group- IV, Group V and Group VI consisting of 4 mice in each group. Each group received a particular treatment i.e. control, standard and 2 different doses of the extract of different fraction of the ethanolic extract of the plant respectively. Prior to any treatment, each mouse was weighed properly and the doses of the test samples and control materials were adjusted accordingly. Each group consisted of four mice. As it was difficult to observe the biologic response of four mice at a time receiving the same treatment, it was quite necessary to identify individual animal of a group during the treatment. The animals were individualized in the following way and marked as M-1=Mice 1, M-2=Mice 2, M-3=Mice 3 and M-4=Mice 4. In order to administer the crude extract at doses of 400 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight of rat, 65 mg and 36 mg of the extract were measured respectively and were triturated unidirectional way by the addition of a small amount of suspending agents Tween-80. After proper mixing of extract and suspending agent, normal saline was slowly added. The final volume of the suspension was adjusted. To stabilize the suspension, it was stirred well by vortex mixture. For the preparation of Loperamide at the dose of 5-mg/kg-body weight, the calculated amount of Loperamide was taken and a suspension was made. On the day of the test, the animals were divided into 6 groups of four mice each. They were weighted for accurate administration of the drug. Group, I received distilled water while Group III - Group VI with their subgroups A and B received D. Group II acts as a positive control where any antidiarrhoeal drug may be used. In this model, we used Loperamide as standard.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences ; Vol. 1, No. 6, p. 39-46, 2011

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was carried out to determine the antidiarrhoeal activity of Dillenia indica leaf and fruit extract. It showed significant activity on reducing the motility of Gastro intestinal tract of mice and significantly decreased the total number of feces produced by the administration of castor oil. The average distance traveled by Dillenia indica leaf and fruit extract was lower than the control whereas the standard loperamide showed the average traveled length. Therefore, those might be utilized for the development of traditional medicines and further investigation should be necessary for the development of novel compound.

Knowledge Management: Journal