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Determining Genetic Diversity of Deshi Jute (corchorus Capsularis) for the Improvement of Fibre Yield and Associated Traits

Arju Miah*
Genetic Resources and seed Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Shahadat Hossain
Genetic Resources and seed Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh

Nihar Ranjan Saha
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Md. Younus Ali
Fibre Quality Improvement Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh

Md. Jahangir Alam
Genetic Resources and seed Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh

Sayma Farabi
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Commercially important natural fibres considered as fiber of the future are cultivated in different south-east Asian countries including India and Bangladesh. Unfortunately, they are characterized by limited genetic variation in terms of yield, quality and susceptibility to diseases and pests. Therefore, genetic deviation studies are crucial to develop a successful cultivation program to develop varieties to meet the growing demand for domestic and foreign jute products. This was conducted at the Central Jute Research Experiment Station of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), during Kharif seasons of 2014. 44 Thirteen progenies (1546, 1548, 4311, 4328, 4330, 4337, 4339, 5007, 6702/A, 6702/B, 6772, 6787, 6790) and two check varieties CVL-1 and CVE-3 (developed from Bangladesh Jute Research Institute) were investigated to study the genetic variability, genetic diversity and degree of association of different component characters related to fiber yield. The seeds of experimental plant materials were grown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Statistical analysis was run to find out the genotypic and phenotypic variances, correlations and cluster analysis for fibre yield related traits namely plant height (m), base diameter (cm), stick weight (g), fiber weight (g). Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters. Cluster analysis divided the accessions and varieties into four cluster. From our evaluation it was revealed that the treatment number 4337/06, 4339/06 and 6702/A performed better in most of the cases than the control varieties CVL-1 and CVE-3. These accessions may be used as parents for future variety development program.

Keywords: Genetic divergence, Cluster analysis, Bast fibre, Fibre yield, Deshi jute

Location: Jute Agricultural Experiment Station of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Jagir, Manikgonj

Start Date: 00-04-2014

End Date: 00-08-2014

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

The objective of this experiment was to develop high-yielding lines by field evaluation of 13 promising lines with the studies and selection of desirable progenies.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Jute Agricultural Experiment Station of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Jagir, Manikgonj during the period from April to August, 2014.

Experimental Site The experimental site was situated at 23⁰ 53.95” N latitude and 90⁰04” E longitude with an elevation of 8.8 m from the sea level.

Climate and Soil The experimental site was situated in the tropical climate zone, characterized by heavy rainfall during the month from May to September and scantly rainfall during rest of the year. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture having pH around 6.5 to 7.5. It belongs to the young Brahmaputra and Jamwia Floodplain Agro Ecological Zone. The land was medium high with uniform topography and almost homogenous with respect to soil fertilizer.

Experimental Material The material comprised of thirteen progenies of white jute (C. cupsularis) including two check varieties CVL-1 and CVE3. The genetically pure and physically healthy seeds of these genotypes were collected from the gene bank of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI).

Design and Layout The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot had a single row of 3.6 m length. Space between rows was 0.30 m and block to block distance was 1.0 m. The genotypes were randomly distributed to each row with in each block.

Harvesting These genotypes were harvested within 110 days after planting, just before pods develop. Selected plants (1.5-4.0 m tall) were pulled from soil with roots, washed and tied in bundles with a tag. Harvesting was done during the cooler time of day, such as early morning or late afternoon, and kept in cool and shaded place.

Data Analysis Analysis of variance and covariance were done according to Aljibouri, et al., (1998) [19]. Coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) and heritability (H2b) were calculated by the formulae suggested by Burton (1952) and Hanson et al., (1956), respectively. Genetic advance (GA) was derived by the formula given by Johnson, et al., (1955). A cluster diagram was drawn according to Singh and Chaudhury (1985) that gave a brief idea of the pattern of diversity among the genotypes included in a cluster.

Source of Information: Journal of Scientific Agriculture 2020, 4: 66-71 http://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/jsa

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.25081/jsa.2020.v4.6339

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Having a good selection of traits for selecting the desired genotypes within the planned breeding program, knowledge of the nature and degree of variation in available breeding material, the component properties’ relationship to fiber performance and contribution, and their direct and indirect effects are very important.

The present study was visualized to divulge the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, the pattern of character association among the characters, the direct and indirect effects of component characters towards fiber yield and the degree of genetic divergence in germplasm accessions of deshi jute. The material for the present study comprised of thirteen progenies of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) collected from BJRI, were evaluated using RCBD design for different quantitative characters. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for almost all the characters and from our study, we can insist that treatment number 4337/06, 6702/A and 4339/06 were found to be distinct with the desirable characteristics and may be incorporated in breeding programs to improve fibre yield and quality of jute.

Knowledge Management: Journal