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Effect of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (arachis Hypogaea L.) Stands

M. A. Awal
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Lija Aktar
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Crop Botany Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period extended from November 2010 to April 2011 to study the effect of row spacing on the growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). The experiment comprised five row spacings viz. 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm which was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Plant to plant distance in a row for all the row spacing treatment was maintained as 15 cm. Result showed that row spacing had significant effect on growth and yield contributing characters such as plant height, number of branches/plant, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, pod/plant, 1000-seed weight, pod or seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. It is evident that crop stature increased due to the closing of row spacing from 35 to 15 cm but the number of branches/plant has been decreased. Crops grown with wider row produced larger number of pod/plant, heavier seed and higher harvest index. Wider row spacing (i.e. 35 cm) although facilitated to accumulate larger dry matter/plant, however greater accumulation of biomass per unit of land was occurred at 20 cm inter row distance. Crop grown with 20 cm row spacing produced the highest seed yield (2.01 t/ha) and pod yield (2.82 t/ha), and thereafter the yield decreased gradually with widening the row spacing.

Keywords: Growth, Management, Peanut, Row Spacing, Yield

Location: The Crop Botany Filed Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To study the effect of row to row distance on the growth and yield of peanuts.

Methodology:

Experimental site: An experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Filed Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the season extended from November 2010 to April 2011. Geographically the site is located at 24° 25″N latitude and 90° 50″E longitude at the elevation of 18 m above the sea level. There was a moderate cool temperature during the month from November to February and high air temperature during the rest of the year. The average air temperature during the experimental period was 19 to 35°C. The average relative humidity was 74 to 88 percent and the total sunshine ranged between 143 to 266 hours/month from November to April. The experimental field was medium high land belonging to the Sonatola soil series of Grey Flood plain soil under the Agro-Ecological Zone-9 of Old Brahmaputra flood plain. The soil is silt loam with imperfectly to poorly drained permeability. The soil pH was 6.6. Land preparation and fertilization: The experimental field was first opened by a tractor-drawn disc plough on 28 October 2011 and two ploughings were done. After five days the land was further ploughed with a power tiller followed by laddering to get a good tilth. Weeds and stubbles were removed from the field prior to planting of seed. Recommended doses of fertilizers and manure like urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and rotten cow dung @ 50, 150, 150, 100 and 1000 kg ha^-1, respectively were mixed to soil during find land preparation. Fifty percent amount of total urea and full dose of all other fertilizers and manure were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining amount of urea was top-dressed on 30 days after sowing (DAS). Experimental treatment, design and crop culture: The experiment comprised five row distance treatments as row to row spacing 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm. The plant to plant distance in a row for all the row spacing treatments was 15 cm. The experiment was conducted with a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The unit plot size was 3m×2.5m. Distance between plot to plot was 50 cm. The peanut variety Binachinabadam-3 was used as plant material. The seeds were sown inline manually by hand on 10 November 2010. Three seeds were sown in a place and after seedling emergence one healthy plantlet was kept for continuation of crop growth. The experimental field was regularly visited to see whether the crop was damaged by insects and diseases. However, there was no pest infestation during the growing period of the crop. Weeding was done as and when necessary. Data collection and analysis: Data on growth parameters like plant height, branch number/plant, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation etc were recorded from 40 DAS till final harvest with 20 days interval from destructive sampling @ 5 plants/plot. For getting the data on yield and yield components matured plants from 1 m2 area from each plot were harvested. The collected data on different parameters were statistically analyzed to obtain the level of significance using MSTAT-C Package Programme. The mean differences were compared with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2015; 3(1): 7-11

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/ijaff

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The greater number of pod producers did not produce the higher pod or seed yield in peanut. Crop grown with 20 cm row spacing produced the highest pod and seed yield and that of the lowest yield was obtained from the crops grown with 35 and 15 cm row spacing. However, further studies coupled with cultivars, sowing dates/seasons or other management practices are necessary to arrive at a definite conclusion.

Knowledge Management: Journal