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Acute Respiratory Infection and Its Determinants for Bangladeshi Under-5 Children

Alam M
Assistant Professor and Corresponding author:
Asst. Prof, Dept Agril Stat, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Bhuia MR
Dept. Stat., Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Lovely NS
Dept. Physiology, Ad-din Woen's Medical College, Bara Magbazar, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh

Hossain MK
Dept. Stat., Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Das SK
Dept. Stat., Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and its influential factors for the under-five Bangladeshi children using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 data. The bivariate cross-tabulation analysis is adopted to find the associated significant variables with child acute respiratory infections and then a multiple logistic regression model is developed using those significant variables to determine the predictors. A proportion test was also done for pair-wise comparison. One-fifth of children were found suffering from ARI, while the incidence rate was 16.56 per 1000 children per day. Prevalence of ARI was found significantly higher among the infants & toddlers and children belonging to Barisal & Chittagong divisions, acutely malnourished & adolescent mothers, poor socio-economic households. Multiple logistic regression analyses shown that sex, age and malnutrition status of children, regional settings, household wealth status, age of mothers and their educational status were the significant predictors of children ARI.

Keywords: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), Household Wealth Status, Child & Mater, Mothers’ Education, Multiple logistic regressions

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Health hazard, Socioeconomic

Objectives:

To provide constructive information to the policymakers and planners for formulating health policies in reducing child morbidity and as well as child mortality in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study utilizes the nationwide data of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS, 2004). The analysis of the study has been done using data of 6498 children under five years of age. Variables: A child is considered as experienced with ARI if it is reported that the child enclosed a cough along with any of the three symptoms - (i) short or rapid breathing; (ii) difficulty in breathing; (iii) chest in drawing during the last two weeks prior to the survey. The study considers several socio-economic, demographic and health-related variables as the independent variables to study the differentials and the determinants of child ARI. Child nutritional status was measured considering three anthropometric indices – height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height Z-scores. A child is considered as malnourished if any of the three Z-scores were less than -2.0, i.e., a child is considered as malnourished either she/he is stunted or wasted, or underweight. Mother's body mass index (BMI) was constructed to determine mother's nutritional status as (a) acutely malnourished (<18 kg m^-2and b nourished? ≥18 km m^-2). The bivariate cross-tabulation analysis is adopted to find the significant variables which are associated with child acute respiratory infection. The Chi-square test is performed to see the existence of interrelationship among the categories of two qualitative variables in this study. A proportion test was also done for pairwise comparison. A logistic regression model has been developed using those significant variables to determine the predictors of child ARI.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF PROGRESSIVE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, BJPST: 11(1): 125-132 [January, 2013], ISSN: 2305-1809 (Online version)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Health and nutrition is an important factor for the well being of the children. The study found child malnutrition and vitamin-A supplementation as significant risk factors for the incidence of child ARI. These findings were also found by Ahmed et al. (2005). The risk of being experienced with ARI was higher for the malnourished children and for the children who did not receive vitamin-A. The findings indicate that to save the children from the susceptibility of ARI, parents should be more conscious about their children health and nutrition. Moreover, the government should promote the existing vitamin-A supplementation programs in this regard. Thus the findings of the study suggest taking proper attention to the infants and toddlers, providing adequate knowledge regarding childcare to the adolescent mothers, encouraging mothers to bear child after 20 years of age, strengthening existing girl’s education program, reducing household socioeconomic inequality and emphasize to the existing programs on child health and nutrition to reduce the incidence of child ARI and hence to reduce the childhood death due to ARI. Special health and nutrition interventions should be undertaken for the children of Barisal and Chittagong divisions in order to reduce the vulnerability of ARI in the areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal