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Factors Affecting Extent of Haor Livelihood Diversification in Sunamganj District, Bangladesh

Muslima Akter
Department of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

Jasim Uddin Ahmed
Department of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study aims to examine the contribution of fishing in total income and extent of haor livelihood diversification; and identify the factors affecting haor livelihood diversification of the fishing community. This study was conducted in Dekhar Haor of Sunamganj district. The data were collected from primary sources by using Simple random sampling from 100 respondents. Tobit model was used to determine the factors affecting livelihood diversification. Fishing contributed the highest to the household income. The estimated Simpson Index showed that fishermen have diversified their livelihood activities at a medium level. The results showed that age of the respondents, years of schooling, access to credit and savings had a positive effect, while, mode of land ownership, distance from the nearest market and value of household assets had negative effects on livelihood diversification. Non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to increase haor livelihood diversification.

Keywords: Livelihood diversification, Fishing community, Household income

Location: Dakshin Sunamganj Upazila of Sunamganj district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2008

End Date: 00-03-2018

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Income generation, Haor

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to (a) examine the contribution of fishing in total income and extent of Haor livelihood diversification; and (b) identify the factors affecting Haor livelihood diversification of the fishing community.

Methodology:

Data Source and Sampling Design: The study was conducted in Dakshin Sunamganj Upazila of Sunamganj district. There are 8 unions in this Upazila among them Joykolsh union was purposively selected for this study. Total 100 fishermen were selected using simple random sampling from three villages namely Noagoan, Rabbanigor, and Kaikkar par village respectively. A semistructured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents through a face-to-face interview during the period from January 2018 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and STATA software. For any society, income is the most important determinant of livelihood. This study used households’ income as household income that is obtained by the difference between total returns and total cost. Because it is considered that the share of income from different sources was the basis to assess household’s livelihood diversification their sources of income were grouped into -rice crop (income from rice cultivation), non-rice crops (income from all other crops except rice), non-crop agriculture (income from fishery and livestock), agricultural laborer (income received by working in agricultural farm as daily or monthly wage basis), non-agricultural laborer (income received from non-agricultural sector as daily wage basis), transportation (income from any transportation that rented to others), business and caste occupation (income from different business or family business and trade), salaried job and services (income from government or private job and services as monthly salaries), remittance income (received from household members presently living outside the household: both domestic and abroad) and transfer payment (one-way payment both in cash and in kinds received under different government and non-government programs). Analytical Technique: Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics were applied to determine the household income from different sources. To find the share of various income sources and the extent of livelihood Diversification tabular analysis was done. Tobit regression model was employed to determine the factors affecting the extent of livelihood diversification. Contribution of fishing in total income and extent of livelihood diversification: To determine the contribution of fishing among household income was calculated by the difference between total returns and total cost. The most common measure of income diversification used in several studies is the vector of income share associated with the different income sources. There are various indicators and indices to measure livelihood diversification like number of income sources and their share, Simpson index, Herfindahl index, Ogive index, Entropy index, Modified Entropy index, Composite Entropy index etc. In this study Simpson index were used because it is easy to compute and it has been widely applicable. Based on the SDI values, the level of livelihood diversification was defined as following; i) No diversification (SDI 0.01 <= ) ii) Low level of diversification (SDI = 0.01 - 0.25) iii) Medium level of diversification (SDI = 0.26 - 0.50) iv) High level of diversification (SDI = 0.51 - 0.75) v) Very high level of diversification (SDI > = 0.76).

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 38(10): 43-51, 2020; Article no.AJAEES.55319; ISSN: 2320-7027

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In birffing, it may be concluded that the haor fishermen in our study regions are likely to have a diversified livelihood when they have more age and higher level of years of schooling and some physical assets. The scope for livelihood diversification also gets boosted when there are more access to credit and proximity to the urban market. Finally, agro-climatic condition and overall socio-economic development of an area have a strong influence on the haor livelihood diversification. The government should take policies and programs to build up their capacity more training can be offered for them on capacity building. Community-based activities such as livestock, poultry rearing, processing and marketing may be encouraged for them.

Knowledge Management: Journal