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Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study on Oroxylum Indicum

M.S. Rana*
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

N. S. Chowdhury
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

M. R. Karim
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

G.M.M. Murshid
Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The root and stem barks of Oroxylum indicum was investigated for phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity. The powdered root and stem bark were successively extracted with ether, ethylacetate and ethyl alcohol. The extracts were examined to detect for various phytochemical constituents. Results showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, glucosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and steroids. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated. The ether and alcohol extracts were found to be active against almost all of the bacteria and fungus tested. The ethyl acetate extract of the root bark showed activity against four microorganisms- C. albicans, S. dysenteraie, B. cereus and S. pyogenes but that of stem bark showed no activity against any microorganism. All the activities were compared with the standard antibiotic by measuring the zone of inhibition.

Keywords: Oroxylum indicum, Phytochemical study, Antimicrobial activity, Agar diffusion method

Location: Khulna, Kustia, Natore, and Savar

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Anthurium

Objectives:

In the present work, an attempt was made to detect the presence of reported compounds by using various standard qualitative chemical tests and to look for the possible presence of other chemical constituents in the root and stem bark of the extracts. Further, a simple and commonly used agar diffusion method was employed for antimicrobial investigation.

Methodology:

Sample collection and identification: The plant was collected from Khulna, Kustia, Natore, and Savar and identified by using standard taxonomical methods at National Herbarium, Dhaka. The identified plant parts were cut into small pieces separately and then dried in the sun and finally dried in a hot air oven at 50-60 ºC for 48 hours. After complete drying, the sample was crushed to coarse power separately with the help of a mechanical grinder and the powder was stored in a suitable container for extraction.

Preparation of the extract: The powdered plant material was extracted with ether, ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol by the Soxhlet extractor fitted with a condenser. The crude extracts were made free from pigments (decolorized) and other impurities by filtering through activated charcoal. The decolorized extracts were then completely dried by vacuum rotary evaporator.

Phytochemical tests: Small amounts of dried, decolorized extracts were appropriately treated to prepare sample solution and then subjected to the specific phytochemical tests.

Determination of antimicrobial activities: One gram each of the dried extracts was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water to prepare stock solution. As a solubilizing agent, few drops of Tween 80 (1%) were used to make the concentration of the solutions 200 mg ml-1. From these solutions, 200µl of each sample were taken and applied into each hole or cup on the agar plate. To make a comparative study, amoxicillin and nystatin of same concentration was taken as a standard. Specific organisms were inoculated into 30 ml previously sterilized nutrient agar media, mixed thoroughly and transferred immediately to the sterile petridish in an aseptic condition. It was stored in an incubator for about 24 hours to allow the proper growth of microbes. Prepared sample solutions were applied to the corresponding cups or holes with the help of a micropipette. The plates were then allowed to stand to diffuse the sample solution into the antibiotic medium at room temperature for an hour. The plates were then incubated at 37°C for overnight. After proper incubation, clear zones of inhibition around the point of application of sample solution were formed. These inhibition zones were measured by vernier scale and expressed in millimeter. For fungus, another type of culture medium was used and the same procedure was followed for the test (Bauer et al., 1966).

Source of Information: Khulna University Studies, 7(2): 55-58, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

As evident from the above discussion, Oroxylum Indicum contains important chemical substances that confer upon it as a medicinal agent which has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. As apparent from our results and from other worker’s reports, local uses of this plant in various infectious diseases are not at much variance with their antimicrobial properties. This fact also indicates that the traditional uses of the plant are not scientifically baseless and therefore, the plant should be thoroughly investigated phytochemically to extensively exploit its medicinal and pharmaceutical potentialities.

Knowledge Management: Journal