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Usability of Feed Mill Sweepings as a Substitute to Commercially Formulated Feed in Gift Tilapia Culture

M. Shafiqul Islam
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Md. A.H.M. Kamal
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

M. Golam Mustafa
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Md. Rashed-Un-Nabi
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Dipak Kamal*
Fisheries and Marine Resources Technology, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Feed mill sweepings (FMS) were used as the substitute of the commercially formulated feed (FF) for rearing GIFT Tilapia. The average moisture, crude protein, fiber and carbohydrate, fat and ash content of the FMS were 13.23%, 34.92%, 26.07%, 5.96% and 19.80% respectively. For FF these values were 14.83%, 28.49%, 31.57%, 8.71% and 16.41% respectively. No significant differences was observed in the proximate biochemical composition between FMS and FF. Average total weight gain in 60 days was observed to be 47.22 g and 53.45 g for FMS and FF respectively with no significant difference. The mean instantaneous growth rate per day was found 4.15±0.96% for FMS and 4.32±1.03% for FF respectively. The survival rate was 83% for FMS and 84% for FF respectively. A comparatively lower FCR that achieved with FMS (1.91) over the FF (1.97) suggested that feed mill sweepings can be used as a substitute to formulated feed in GIFT tilapia culture.

Keywords: Feed mill sweepings, Formulated feed, GIFT tilapia, Growth, FCR

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-2003

End Date: 00-05-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

Due to the high price of the FF the majority of the small and marginal fish farmers can not provide it in their ponds. In this context, FMS would be a good alternative to poor fish farmers who can collect it free or at a very low cost. Keeping this view in mind, the present study was carried out with the following objectives – (i) to compare the biochemical composition of FF and FMS, and (ii) to compare the growth performance of GIFT tilapia using the FF and FMS.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted over a period of nine months from September 2003 to May 2004 in 6 earthen ponds test the performance of FMS as replacement of FF on the weight gain, growth rate and FCR of GIFT tilapia in two treatments with 3 replications. The selected ponds were dewatered and dried for 7 days. After liming at a rate of 250 kg ha-1 (Uddin, 2007) ponds were filled with rain water. One meter water level in the experimental ponds was maintained through a control inlet and outlet system.

Prior to stocking fry in the ponds the pH, DO and temperature of pond water were recorded following the standard methods of APHA (Anon, 1976; Bardach et al., 1972). The same parameters were recorded at each sampling date after stocking at 15 days intervals up to 60 days of experimental periods.

Immediately after collection of the GIFT fry, the initial average weight of the individual fry was measured nearest to 0.01 g with an electronic single pan balance. Fries were acclimatized for two hours prior to stock in the experimental ponds at a density of 7 individuals m-2 and reared for two successive months. Total weight gain, growth rate and FCR of the experimental fish with 2 feeds were measured at every 15 days after stocking. FMS was used as test feed (T1) and a commercial FF was used as a control (T2). Both the FMS and FF were collected from the same fish feed industry.

The proximate biochemical composition (protein, fiber and carbohydrate, fat, moisture and ash) was estimated for both the FMS and FF following Nabi et al. (2001). Both the feed were given every day in the morning and afternoon at a rate of 12% biomass of the test fish throughout the rearing period. Feed was given through spreading on the surface water of the ponds. The growth performance was monitored by measuring the weight of sixty (60) individual randomly for each pond. Specific growth rate was calculated using the following formula (Alam, 1990):

Statistical analysis: To compare proximate biochemical composition of two feeds student’s ‘ t ’ test was applied (Gupta, 1997). Similar statistical test was performed to test significant difference between FMS and FF in terms of absolute weight gain, growth rate and FCR in GIFT tilapia.

Source of Information: Khulna University Studies, 8(2): 261-267, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

FMS (feed mill sweepings) can be used as a diet of GIFT tilapia in replacement of high-value FF (formulated feed) as they (FMS vs. FF) produced insignificant variation in mean biomass, growth rate and FCR. However, further investigation is needed with 120 days trial using both larvae and juvenile fish to establish the feed mill sweepings as a standard diet for GIFT tilapia. Thus, it may be concluded that apart from developing different feeding strategies, replacement of high-value fish feed with a low-cost diet like FMS can lead to significant savings in feed cost especially for the poor fish farmers of rural Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal