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Comparative Karyomorphological Analysis of Two Varieties of Brassica Campestris from Bangladesh

Ashma Ahmed Warasy*
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identi?cation and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme.

Keywords: Karyomorphology, Oilseed plants, Biobased economy, Brassica.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute and maintained in the Botanic garden, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to: i. compare the staining property of the interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes after staining with orcein. ii. count the 2n chromosome number of both the varieties. iii. make a full-strength orcein-stained karyotype for each variety. iv. characterize each species with cytogenetical markers.

Methodology:

For the determination of karyomorphological features, two oilseed varieties viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute and maintained in the Botanic garden, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. Healthy roots were collected from petriplate, as the seed were kept in a water-soaked petriplate for germination, in the Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University. The optimum time of root collection for obtaining maximum number of dividing cells was 2.45-3.00 pm for Tori-7 and 1.30 pm for BARI Sharisha-9. The collected root was pretreated with cold water at room temperature (28-30⁰C) followed by 15 min fixation in 45% acetic acid at 4⁰C. These were then hydrolyzed in a mixture of 1 N HCl and 45% acetic acid (2:1) at 60⁰C for 8-9 sec. Then the hydrolyzed root was soaked on a filter paper and taken in a clean slide. The meristematic region was cut with fine blade. A drop of 1% aceto-orcein was added to the material. A clean cover glass was placed on the material. Then the materials were tapped gently by a tooth pick and then squashed by placing thumbs. Finally, the slides were observed under a microscope (Olympus-DP72, Japan) with a digital camera. Final measurement was calculated by dividing the magnification of the objective 100x.

Source of Information: Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The compilation of this karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identifpcation and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in the crop improvement programme.

Knowledge Management: Journal