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Management of Ralstonia Solanacearum (potato Wilt Disease) Virulence by Using Bioactive Compounds

Z Karim
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur- 1701, Bangladesh

MSM Chowdhury
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

MS Hossain
Department of Entomology, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Potato is an important vegetable crop of Bangladesh that is facing challenges worldwide due to a quarantine pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. It is a very successful bacterial pathogen against most of the traditional management practices. Suspension of ten bioactive compounds viz. propolis, honey, turmeric powder+oil, turmeric powder, magnesium chloride, boiled rice fluid, boiled rice fluid+iodine, sun dried cow dung powder, honey+iodine and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated and compared with control (sterile water), commercial bactericide (Krosin AG) and farmers practice (stable bleaching powder). In vitro assessment was done by comparing the inhibition zones produced on TZC (tetrazolium chloride) solid medium in disc diffusion method. All of those compounds produced larger inhibition zones as compared to control which indicated the effectiveness of the test compounds against the bacteria. To screen out the performances of those compounds in vivo, potato seedlings were inoculated in sterilized soil by soil soak method. Later, mature plants were inoculated in unsterilized soil to find the better resulting compound(s) in field soil condition against the disease. Finally, suspension of cow dung (@25%), propolis (@ 6mg/ml) and turmeric powder (@25%) were selected for trial as soil and seed treatment against the pathogen. It was found that, cow dung reduced 28.89% disease severity index which was followed by 26.67% in propolis and 22.22% in turmeric powder as compared to control (84.44%) in artificially inoculated potato plants against R. solanacearum.

Keywords: Bacterial wilt; Potato; Ralstonia solanacearum; Management; Bioactive compounds.

Location: Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur- 1701, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Bacteria, Potato

Objectives:

The study emphasizes the effectiveness of such bioactive compounds in managing the disease severity and virulence of wilt bacteria (R. solanacearum) in potato.

Methodology:

Ten bioactive treatments and, a negative control (distilled water), a standard control (stable bleaching powder frequently used by farmers), and chemical control (Krosin AG - a bactericide containing 9% streptomycin sulphate and 1% tetracyline hydrochloride) were evaluated to find out the effectiveness in managing bacterial wilt (R. solanacearum) of potato by different methods (in vitro, in vivo and pot-house condition). Suspension of the selected bioactive compounds were prepared as follows: (a) T₁/ Control (sterile water)- sterile distilled water was applied as per requirement; (b) T₂/ Propolis (@ 6mg/ml)- propolis was weighed and soaked in 30% ethanol for 24hrs. Then ethanol soaked ball of propolis was blended and mixed with water to prepare 6g/liter (6mg/ml) of propolis; (c) T₃/ Honey (@20%)- 200g honey was freshly mixed per liter of distilled water and kept in room temperature to be applied; (d) T₄/ Turmeric & oil (@25%)- commercial turmeric powder and mustard oil was mixed @ 1:1 and 250g of it was mixed freshly with per liter of distilled water. The thick suspension was applied by using dropper or teaspoon as per required; (e) T₅/ Turmeric powder (@25%)- 250g of commercial turmeric powder was mixed in a liter of distilled water which was used freshly; (f) T₆/ Magnesium chloride (@3%)- magnesium chloride salt was collected from market and prepared as 30g per liter of distilled water and stored in room temperature; (g) T₇/ Boiled aromatic rice fluid (@10% ie. 100ml/liter)- fresh kalojira rice was bought from market. After cleaning 100 g of the rice it was boiled into a thick soup and was mixed @ 100ml per liter of distilled water (@10%) after straining the fluid and stored in 6⁰C temperature; (h) T₈/ Boiled aromatic rice fluid + Iodine (@10% ie. 100ml/liter + 2 drops of iodine per 100ml)- it was prepared in the same manner as T₇ and just added 20 drops of iodine solution per 1000ml which was bought from market; (i) T₉/ Cow dung powder solution (@25%)- well decomposed and sun dried cow dung was weighed for 250g and brought to powder form by using mortar and pestle. It was then mixed with 1000ml distilled water by vigorous shaking and stored in room temperature to be applied as treatment; (j) T₁₀/ Krosin AG (Bactericide @ 0.5 g per liter water)- it was bought from market and applied at the suggested rate by the company; (k) T₁₁/ Honey + Iodine (@2 drops of iodine per 100ml of 20% solution of honey)- honey solution was freshly made as previous and just 20 drops of iodine was added in 1000ml of that 20% solution and well shaken and kept in room temperature; (l) T₁₂/ Sodium bicarbonate (@10%)- it was brought from market and weighed 100g and added per liter of distilled water and stored in room temperature; and (m) T₁₃/ Stable bleaching powder (@ 23mg/kg- as application rate is 30 kg/ha, soil area= 10000m², approx. soil volume= 1000m³/ha as soil depth is 0.1m, soil bulk density= 1.3 t/m³ and weight of soil=(1000 X 1.3)= 1300t/ha; ie. 30kg/ 1300,000kg)- it was also bought from market, calculated and weighed for 23 mg/kg to make freshly 23mg in 1litre of distilled water to make the suspension to test in vitro. To be applied in soil, 23mg of it was mixed with 1kg of powdery sterilized soil. Disease virulence was measured by scoring in a six-point rating scale (0–5) following Swanson et al. (2005). Ayana et al. (2011) and Zheng et al. (2014) modified from Winstead and Kelman (1952) which suggested- 0 = no wilt symptoms, 1 = one/few/one-third of whole leaves showing wilted symptoms, 2 = several/more/half of whole leaves showing wilted symptoms, 3 = most leaves/two-third of whole leaves showing wilted symptoms, 4 = whole plant showing wilted symptoms and, 5 = death (collapse) of the whole plant. Since all of the plants showed disease symptoms, the incidence was 100% in all the cases due to artificial inoculation. So, the percent severity index (PSI) was calculated to differentiate the treatment effects as described by Cooke (2006). PSI = Σ (scores × 100)/ (number of plants rated × maximum scale of the scores) for each scoring date. All those evaluations were performed at least with three to four replications in calculating mean, standard deviation, severity score and PSI. Data were compiled, tabulated and subjected to statistical significance test by using MSTAT-C and t-test in data analysis tool Pak software and percent reduction over lowest in excel of windows10 following Gomez and Gomez (1984) and Zhang et al. (2015).

Source of Information: J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 6(1), 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v6i1.51333

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the study of seed and soil treatment, stable bleaching powder was observed to perform lower compared to control which might be due to the reaction of bleaching powder with organic matters in the soil. Because the application of stable bleaching powder reduces the bacterial population on small scale (Saddler 2005) but it can be inactivated by organic matter by releasing toxic chlorine gas.

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