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Canopy Characters and Light-use Efficiency of Some Modern Wheat Varieties in Bangladesh

M. A. Awal
Department of Crop Botany, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Ruhul Amin
Department of Crop Botany, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aim: An experiment was conducted to analyze the canopy characters and light-use efficiency along with yield of five modern wheat varieties viz. BARI wheat-23, BARI wheat-24, BARI wheat-25, BARI wheat-26, and BARI wheat-27. Study Design: The experiment was laid-out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period extended from December 2013 to April 2014. Methodology: Measurements included phenophase development, plant height, tiller production, leaf area development, light interception, dry matter accumulation, yield components, yield and harvest index. Results: The wheat varieties exhibit significant differences in phenological development, plant height, tiller production, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, light interception and use, yield and yield components like spike number/plant, spike length, grain number and weight per spike and thousand-grain weight. The BARI wheat-24 and BARI wheat-25 varieties matured earlier than BARI wheat-27 or BARI wheat-26 by about a week while the remaining one matured in between. The BARI wheat-23 and BARI wheat-25 showed better performance and the BARI wheat-27 showed poor performance in all affairs of growth studied while the remaining others ranked intermediate. Conclusion: Higher light-use efficiency leads to greater accumulation of dry matter and higher grain yield is directly linked to their greater partitioning of biomass into the grains i.e. higher harvest index.

Keywords: Canopy characters, Light-use efficiency, PAR, Phenophase development, Wheat

Location: The Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To evaluate the canopy characters, and light interception and use as well as yield performance of some modern wheat varieties developed by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI).

Methodology:

Geographical Location, Crop Husbandry and Experimentation: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from December 2013 to April 2014. Geographically, the experimental field is located at 24°25" N latitude and 90°50" E longitude and 18 m above the sea level. The experimental field was medium high land belonging noncalcareous, dark-grey flood plain soil under the Sonatola series of Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain. It is located at Agro-Ecological Zone 9 (AEZ-9). The soil is silt loam with imperfectly to poorly drained permeability. There was moderate cold air during the month from December to early February and somewhat warm air during the rest of the months of the year. The average air temperature during the experimental period was 18.6°C to 27.8°C. The average relative humidity was 64% to 83% and the average sunshine varies from 98 to 230 hours/month during experimental period. Daily climatic parameters like air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, rainfall and wind speed are shown. The experiment comprised of five treatments or varieties viz. i) BARI wheat-23; ii) BARI wheat24; iii) BARI wheat-25; iv) BARI wheat-26 and v) BARI wheat-27. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of unit plot was 5m × 4m. Distance between plots to plot was 1 m. The row to row distance was 20 cm and plant to plant distance within a row was 5 cm. Seeds were sown by hand at 2-3 cm depth of soil in the row. After sowing, the seeds were covered with the loose soil by hand. At least three seeds were shown in each sowing point and one healthy seedling was kept after emergence. Different sorts of intercultural operations were done in daily basis. Light Measurements: Light interception of the growing wheat canopies was recorded with a Radiometer (model LI-189, Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE, USA) connected to a 1m long Line Quantum Sensor (Sr. no. LQA 1401, Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE, USA). The measurements were done only under blue-sky conditions with no cloud cover. Therefore, data were recorded at intervals of 9–12 days, depending on the sky conditions, starting from complete seedling emergence until maturity of crops. Crops Sampling and Data Collection: The data on crop growth parameters were recorded on the same dates as light measurement. From each experimental plot 5 plants were uprooted with maximum roots. The harvested material was dried to a constant weight in an oven at 80±2°C. The total crop dry weight was then recorded as the sum of the weights of the root, stem, leaves, and spike.

Source of Information: Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 11(1): 1-16, 2017; Article no.JAERI.31744; ISSN: 2394-1073

Article Link (Online Journal): www.sciencedomain.org

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded from the results of the present study that the variation in canopy development, light interception and its use, and yield performance obtained from the different varieties of wheat was found significant. Among the varieties, the BARI wheat-23 showed better performance and BARI wheat-27 showed poor performance for the examined traits while the other varieties ranked in middle. The BARI wheat-23 and BARI wheat-25 varieties showed better performance for producing higher grain yield due to the greater interception of photosynthetically action radiation (PAR) by their canopies as well as better utilization of that solar energy into crop biomass and higher partitioning of accumulated biomass towards grain.

Knowledge Management: Journal