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Seed Priming Improves Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Wheat Under Control and Drought Condition

Md. Asaduzzaman
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Al Samsul Huqe
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Nesar Uddin
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Alamgir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Sabibul Haque
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought is a serious threat of wheat seed germination, growth and productivity in Bangladesh. A germination test was set to examine the influence of seed priming with various agents on seed germination and early seedling growth in two wheat cultivars (BARI Gom 28 and BARI Gom 29) under control and drought conditions. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized design with three replications. Four priming treatments were used such as i) hydropriming (distilled water, control), ii) 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000), iii) 100 mM CaCl2 and iv) 1 mM ascorbic acid (AA). The primed seeds of two wheat cultivars were set in petri dishes for germination under two growth conditions viz. i) control and ii) drought (10% PEG-6000). In both cultivars and growth conditions, all priming agents increased final germination percentage (FGP), root and shoot length and root and shoot biomass in comparison to control. All these parameters were significantly affected by drought stress in both wheat cultivars. The highest FGP was observed in AA and CaCl2 priming (73%) in both cultivars under drought stress compared to the others. The root length and root dry weight were also higher in AA and CaCl2 priming in both cultivars and growth conditions but the variations between AA and CaCl2 were statistically similar. All seed priming techniques increased the stress tolerance indices and root-shoot ratio in both wheat cultivars showing an increased tolerance to drought. The higher values of stress tolerance indices in BARI Gom 28 compared to BARI Gom 29 indicated that the cultivar BARI Gom 28 performed better in response to drought and priming agents. In conclusion, the priming agents AA and/or CaCl2 (depending on availability and cost effectiveness) could be used for improving seed germination and early seedling growth both under control and drought stress conditions.

Keywords: Wheat, Seed priming, Drought tolerance, Germination, Seedling growth

Location: The Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Wheat, Germplasm

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were i) to investigate the influence of different priming agents on seed germination and seedling growth in two wheat cultivars under drought stress and ii) to select suitable priming agent(s) for the enhancement of seed germination in both control and drought conditions.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University in 2019. The seeds of two wheat cultivars viz. BARI Gom 28 and BARI Gom 29 were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. A two factorial experiment was set following a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The experimental factors were a) Priming agents - 4 and b) Stress - 2 (control and drought). Four priming techniques were implied such as i) hydropriming with distilled water (control), ii) osmopriming with 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) (LR grade, Merck, Mumbai, India), iii) osmopriming with 100 mM CaCl2 (LR grade, Research-lab Fine Chem Industries, Mumbai, India) and iv) hormonal priming with 1 mM ascorbic acid (AA) (LR grade, Research-lab Fine Chem Industries, Mumbai, India). The priming was done by immersing 75 seeds of each cultivar under 20 mL of respected priming solutions in 50 mL glass beakers and kept for 24 h at 25°C in dark conditions. The ratio of seed weight to solution volume was maintained as 1:6 (g mL-1). After 24 h, primed seeds were rinsed with distilled water for two min and then dried to the original moisture level and left overnight at room temperature to their original dry weight. The primed seeds of two wheat cultivars immediately getting their original dry weight were placed in the petri dish (9 cm diameter) as per treatment specifications. Germination test for primed seeds was performed for 10 days in petri dishes on a layer of filter paper (Whatman # 41) under two growth conditions i) Control (0% PEG-6000, 0 MPa osmotic potentials) and ii) Drought (10% PEG-6000, -0.30 MPa). For control, 24 petri dishes (2 cultivars x 4 priming agents x 3 replications) containing 10 seeds/dish were applied 5 ml of distilled water daily to keep it moist. For drought condition, another set of 24 petri dishes containing 10 seeds/petri dish were applied 5 ml of distilled water for first two days and then 5 mL of 10% PEG-6000 solution was applied for each petri dish for drought imposition. The number of sprouted seeds (2 mm radicle length) was counted every day. The final count was done on day eight and final germination percentage (FGP) was calculated using the following formulae. Final Germination Percentage (FGP)= (Total no. of seeds germinated at day 8) / (Total no. of seeds set for germination) x 100. Shoot Length (SL) was measured from the shoot base to the tip of the longest leaf and Root Length (RL) was measured from root base to the root tip. The dry weight of root and shoot (g) were determined by drying the sample in an oven at 80±20 C for three days. Germination Stress Tolerance Index (GSTI), Root Length Stress Tolerance Index (RLSI), Shoot Length Stress Tolerance Index (SLSI) and Root Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (RDSI) were estimated using the following formula (Ashraf et al., 2008): GSTI = (FGP of stressed seeds / FGP of control seeds) X 100 where, RLSI = (Radicle length of stressed plants/radicle length of control plants) X 100; SLSI = (Shoot length of stressed plants/shoot length of control plants) X 100; and RDSI = (Root dry weight of stressed plants/root dry weight of control plants) X 100. The Root Shoot Ratio (RSR) was calculated by root dry weight overshoot dry weight. The statistical software 'R' was used for two-way ANOVA considering the factors priming and stress for each cultivar. The multiple comparison of means was done by Tukey test of R program.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(2): 000–000, 2021; ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.73529

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Seed priming with ascorbate, CaCl2 and PEG increased seed germination and early seedling growth in two wheat cultivars in both control and drought conditions. All these agents enhanced drought tolerance in both wheat cultivars while BARI Gom 28 performed better in relation to drought tolerance in comparison to BARI Gom 29. The study recommends farmers to use CaCl2 priming for its easy availability and low cost compared to other priming agents. A further field trial is required to investigate the influence of seed priming using the recommended agent and dose of this study on growth, physiology and yield in wheat cultivars.

Knowledge Management: Journal