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Crop-weed Association in Different Field Crops at Sirajganj District in Bangladesh

Sontosh Chandra Chanda
Agriculture Training Institute, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Md. Johny Khan
Department of Agricultural Extension, Kamarkhanda, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

Subhash Chandra Sarker
FSRD Project, P&E Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Golam Sarwar
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Swapan Kumar Paul
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted at farmers’ fields in five Upazilas of Sirajganj district to find out farmers’ knowledge on crop-weed association in different field crops, crop yield losses and weeds act as alternate hosts for insect-pathogen during 2019 to 2020 cropping seasons. Primary data were collected from the respondents through a well-oriented structural questionnaire. A total of 40 weed species, belong to 35 genera under 21 families, were identified from 8 different field crops. The highest crop-weed association was found in rice (40:192) and the lowest in mustard (106:50). The maximum weed management cost was occurred in rice (38,900 Tk. ha^–1). Weed caused 8 to 51% yield loss in different field crops. Our results revealed that Mutha emerged as the major noxious weed for five field crops of this district. Weeds acted as alternate hosts of various insects and pathogens. According to farmers’ opinion, weed is also used as fodder, mulch, compost, vegetables, fish feed, medicinal and ornamental purposes at their locality. Therefore, the present study provides information to extension workers and researchers about the noxious weeds and their crop-weed association, other harmful and beneficial effects of weeds, for better, sustainable, and eco-friendly weed management practices.

Keywords: Weed-crop association, Weed identification, Alternate host, Usage

Location: Sirajganj district, the gateway of North Bengal of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Weed management

Objectives:

To farmers’ field survey on crop-weed association in different field crops and insect-disease use weed as alternate host and other uses of weeds in five upazilas of Sirajganj district.

Methodology:

Study area: The study area was selected in Sirajganj district, the gateway of North Bengal of Bangladesh. The Sirajganj district occupies 2497.92 sq. km. area and located between latitudes 240 01/ to 240 47/ N and longitudes 890 15/ to 890 59/ E. It has an average elevation of 7m. The average maximum and a minimum temperature range from 35.50 C (March) to 11°C (January), respectively, and total rainfall of 12967 mm in the year 2020. The district consists of nine Upazilas and five Upazilas viz. Siraganj Sadar, Kazipur, Ullapara, Shahjadpur, and Tarash, were selected for the study purpose. Sampling period and method: Thirty farmers were selected from each Upazilas (30 × 5=150) and the study area was made by the suggestions of the local sub-assistant agricultural officer. Sampling was done during Kharif-1 (Mid March to Mid July), Kharif-2 (Mid July to Mid October), and Rabi (Mid October to Mid March) cropping season of 2019 to 2020. It was found the various taxonomic group and population dynamics of different weed species in eight field crops viz. rice, wheat, jute, maize, sugarcane, mustard, lentil and chili. The weed survey was made by the least count quadrate method (Misra, 1968) using 1.0 m × 1.0 m quadrate. In each crop field, 3 quadrates were laid down and the number of crops and each weed species in quadrate was recorded. The collected weed samples (fresh or dried) were identified in the field or by comparing with “Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh” (Ahmed et al., 2008–9) and other taxonomy-related books. In the crop fields, notes were written on habitat, habit, flower colour and shape, seed colour and shape as well as general distribution. The data was gathered from the field regarding the local names of the weeds. Farmers’ opinion: Farmers’ activities information was collected on weed management practices, weeding frequency, cost of weeding, and yield loss due to weeds. Data were collected personally from the respondents through a well-developed pre-tested structured questionnaire for the study purpose. Data was also collected on farmers’ knowledge in crop weed association, noxious weed identification, weed insect and pathogens association as well as the use of weed for different purposes.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(2): 000–000, 2021; ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.76123

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Forty different weeds belong to 35 genera, were observed in association with eight field crops in the surveyed area. The highest weed abundance and maximum yield loss occurred in rice crops due to weed association. Among the weeds, Mutha was the most obnoxious weed and took disturbing in six cultivated field crops. Insects and pathogens used weeds as alternate hosts in absence of field crops. However, weeds have some beneficial effects viz. fodder, mulch, compost, vegetables, medicinal value, fish feed, and ornamental purpose in different attractive places. The study will provide knowledge about the most noxious weeds and alternate hosts in the crop fields. Therefore, farmers could decide to control weeds for the economic cultivation of field crops.

Knowledge Management: Journal