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Strategies for Encouraging Participation of Marginalised Households in Shrimp Value Chains of Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Md. Mojammel Haque
Graduate Training Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Serajul Islam
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Shrimp sector contributes significantly to export earnings and employment generation for on and off farm activities in Bangladesh. Expansion of shrimp farming naturally lead to a change in use pattern of coastal land, in the form of a shift in land from other economic and environmental uses to shrimp culture. But marginalised households are rarely participating in shrimp value chain because they have very limited access to resources. The present study identified the constraints to participation of marginalised households in shrimp value chains in order to formulate effective strategies for encouraging participation of marginalised households. To attain this qualitative data were collected from Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira districts of Bangladesh through 6 focus group discussions and 40 in-depth interviews during July to September 2018. In total, a sample of 100 respondents, containing 60 marginalised households from focus group participants, 30 private and 10 public stakeholders was selected purposively for the study. Thematic content analysis was employed for analysing the collected qualitative data. It was evident that the marginalised households engaged mostly as labourers in shrimp value chain and added some value in each node. As no sampled marginalised household was engaged as shrimp farmers, they showed their keen interest to become shrimp farmers. Both the participant and non-participant marginalised households reported some constraints to become shrimp farmers. The study identified market-based solutions of the key constraints. The participant and nonparticipant marginalised households stated their own strategy that by forming group they could become shrimp farmers. The public and private stakeholders recommended ‘push’, ‘pull’ and ‘blend’ (push-pull) strategies for participation of marginalised households in shrimp value chains. Interventions targeting the marginalised people are needed for their entry into shrimp value chains. Marginalised households should form collectives/ association/ farmers club/self-help group for greater extent of participation in shrimp value chains.

Keywords: Strategies, Marginalised households, Shrimp value chain, Bangladesh

Location: The coastal region of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2018

End Date: 00-09-2018

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To identify the effective strategies for encouraging participation of marginalized households in shrimp value chain.

Methodology:

The study identified the constraints to participation of marginalized households in shrimp value chains of the coastal region of Bangladesh. More importantly, the study identified the effective strategies for encouraging participation of marginalized households in shrimp value chain. Constraints to the participation of participant marginalized households as shrimp farmers and participation of non-participant marginalized households in shrimp value chains, market-based solutions of the constraints, and strategies from marginalized households and from public and private stakeholders are explained in this study. In this study, qualitative data were collected from Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira districts of Bangladesh in order to deal with the research question during July to September 2018. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews. Six focus group discussions were conducted in the study areas with a total of 60 marginalized households considering participants and non-participants of shrimp value chains. Two FGDs were conducted in each study area of which 1 was for participants and another was for non-participants of shrimp value chains. For validation, cross-reference and strategy formulation data were collected by a total of 40 in-depth interviews with different value chain actors such as hatchery owner, gher owner, input supplier, shrimp traders, depot owner and processing plant/export agency and public stakeholders such as District Fisheries Officer, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer and Officers of Department of Fisheries. In total, a sample of 100 respondents, containing 60 marginalized households from focus group participants, 30 private and 10 public stakeholders were selected purposively for the study. Thematic content analysis was employed to qualitative data collected from marginalized households focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Memos were made of all of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. In order to accomplish thematic content analysis on these discussions, the memos were later converted into codes. Thematic content analysis revealed two major themes in the marginalized household through FGDs and in-depth interviews with public and private stakeholders. Necessary themes linking to constraints to be involved in shrimp value chains and strategies for encouraging participation of marginalized households in shrimp value chains were attained. These themes were important in achieving the objectives of the study. Thematic content analysis is a suitably recognized and mostly employed technique in qualitative research, especially in case study methodology (Attride-Stirling, 2001; and Hsieh and Shannon, 2005). In the present study, thematic content analysis was done using a framework suggested by Creswell (2009) for data analysis in qualitative research.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(2): 000–000, 2021; ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.74055

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Both the participant and non-participant marginalised households identified several constraints to be involved in shrimp value chain as shrimp farmers. The constraints were lack of money and land, lack of quality shrimp seed and feed, lack of technical knowledge and training, mortality and disease, and credit sale of shrimp. The participant and non-participant marginalised households stated that by forming group they could involve as shrimp farmers in shrimp value chain. The public and private stakeholders recommended ‘push’, ‘pull’ and ‘blend’ (push-pull) strategies for participation of marginalised households in shrimp value chains. Marginalised households should form collectives/association / farmers’ club/self-help group for greater extent of participation in shrimp value chains.

Knowledge Management: Journal