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Irrigation Requirement and Possibility of High-temperature Stress of Wheat for Different Planting Dates Under Climate Change in Bogura, Bangladesh

Tapos Kumar Acharjee
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Shariot-Ullah
Corresponding author
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Understanding the changes in irrigation requirement and the possibility of high-temperature stress on major crops are essential for food security of Bangladesh. Different water requirement components including potential crop water requirement and potential irrigation requirement were estimated for early (20 October), normal (10 November), and late (01 December) planting dates of wheat in Bogura district, Bangladesh using daily observed climate data in CropWat model for 1980-2013 time period. Significant decreasing trends of reference crop evapotranspiration were found during wheat growing months (October to March) because of changes in climatic conditions. Potential crop water requirement and irrigation requirement showed significant decreasing trends. The estimated rate of potential irrigation requirement by Sen’s slope estimation method showed a decreasing trend (1.44, 1.35, and 0.84 mm/year for early, normal, and late planting, respectively). The average potential irrigation requirement for early planting was only 1.9 mm less compared to normal planting, while for late planting was 32.5 mm higher. High-temperature stress (maximum temperature above 25±5°C and 30±5°C during reproductive (mid-season) and maturing stage (late season), respectively) was evident during maturing stage under late planting and during the reproductive phase for all planting dates of wheat. An increasing number of high-temperature days for late planting and decreasing number of high-temperature days for early and normal planting were observed during 1980-2013. Therefore, recent climate change-induced high-temperature stress adversely affected wheat cultivation only under late planting conditions. However, climatic water demand did not impose any additional pressure on available water resources during the last three decades.

Keywords: Irrigation requirement, Wheat, Climate change, Heat stress

Location: Bogura district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Water requirement

Objectives:

To understand the recent changes in water requirement components and possible low/high-temperature stress based on observed changes in climatic parameters in Bogura.

Methodology:

Study area: The study was conducted for Bogura district, which is situated (24.85° N, 89.37° E) in the Northwest part of Bangladesh. A portion of the Bogura district is under the Barind region, the largest Pleistocene physiographic unit of the Bengal Basin (Hossain et al. 2016). Bogura district has a humid subtropical climate and the annual average rainfall (1,971 mm) is relatively minor in this region (Nasher and Uddin, 2014 and Nury et al,. 2017). This region has already been designated as a drought-prone area. Its average temperature ranges from 35°C to 25°C in the hottest season and 9°C to 15°C in the coolest season (Banglapedia, 2014). The area comprising Sariakandi, Gabtali, and Sonatala Upazilas and major part of Dhunat Upazila in Bogura is called the eastern alluvial tract. Fertilized by the silt of floodwaters, the eastern alluvion is one of the most fertile and prosperous areas in Bogura. Jute, aus and aman paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and pulses are grown in this area. Data collection: Daily climate data of Bogura district on maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hour from 1979 to 2013 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Required crop data, including crop-coefficient values, growth stage duration, rooting depth, critical depletion, yield response factor, and crop height, were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. General soil data for the average soil type of Bogura were available from FAO. Estimation of irrigation requirement: Water requirement components of wheat from 1980 to 2013 in Bogura were estimated using the FAO developed CropWat 8.0. This model calculates the irrigation water requirement of crops and soil-water balance following Allen et al. (1998). Trend analysis: Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimation method were applied to identify the trends and rate of changes in monthly reference crop evapotranspiration, rainfall, and rainfall deficit. Also, the Mann-Kendall trends were estimated for monthly maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine hour, and radiation. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test is used for testing the presence of a monotonic increasing or decreasing trend. The non-parametric Sen’s method is used for estimating the slope of a linear trend, i.e. determining the magnitude of the trend.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(2): 000–000, 2021; ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.41181

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Estimated potential crop water requirement and irrigation requirement of wheat showed decreasing trends. This indicates that irrigated cultivation of wheat did not impose any additional pressure on available water resources in Northwest Bangladesh during last three decades. Although early planted wheat receives a reduced amount of effective rainfall during the growth period, still early planting option reduced irrigation requirement of wheat by a considerable amount than late planting because of reduction in potential crop water requirement. Early planting also showed no evidence of cold stress during the germination period of wheat. Furthermore, an earlier planting date would be the best option to avoid high-temperature stress during the maturing stage of wheat. However, selection of normal planting date would be the best option to avoid high-temperature stress during the reproductive phase of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal