Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Fruit Samples from Local Market in Rajshahi City, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

N. Mollica
Environmental Pollution Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205.

M.M.A Mollah
Environmental Pollution Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205.

M.R. Zaman
Environmental Pollution Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205.

S. M. A. Salam*
Environmental Pollution Studies Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rajshahi is a populous city. Most of the people consume fruits from city market. Therefore, it has been designed to collect in different fruits samples from city market site. This study assessed the levels of selected heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic) in some fruits samples of commonly consumed from the Rajshahi city market, Rajshahi. The present work was designed and carried out for findings of the heavy metal concentrations and identifying health risk index in some selected fruits. A total of twenty-three samples were collected for analysis randomly from Rajshahi city market. Samples were wet digested using a mixture of 1:3 (65% HCl : HNO3) and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer version AA-6300 and coupled with an auto-sampler ASC -6100. The results of this study showed that the concentrations detected ranged from 1.867 to 44.337, 0.442 to 1.506, 0.002 to 0.063, 0.019 to 0.252 mg/kg for Pb, Cr, Cd, and As respectively. The highest concentration levels of Pb were detected in karanda. The highest concentration levels of Cr were detected in strawberry. From the examined samples will pose no risk as they remain below than the recommended limit for these elements except eight fruits samples (guava, banana, indian olive, karanda, mango (lokhna and lengra), strawberry, pine apple) in terms of lead and chromium. From the results of health risk index, the population is therefore at no risk of Pb, Cr, Cd and As.

Keywords: RCM (Rajshahi City Market); Heavy metals; Target hazard quotient; Hazard index.

Location: Local Market in Rajshahi City, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal, Fruit

Objectives:

The present work was designed and carried out for detecting some of toxic metals and find those elements for their concentrations in some selected fruits that were mostly sold in Rajshahi Central City Market called Sahib bazaar. Identifying the exportable fruits were free from or within the permissible limits of heavy metals concentration. The health risk assessment associated with heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd and As) of fruit locally grown, estimated exposure and risk index were calculated

Methodology:

2.1. Materials All reagents were analytical grade (AR) and purchased from Merck, Germany. A calibrated electrical balance (GR-200, A&D Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan) with high precession was used for weighing purpose. Calibrated glass wares including pipette and volumetric flask were used for sample preparations. They were soaked in 10% (v/v) HNO3 overnight and rinsed with deionized water and dried prior using.

2.2. The Study Area Rajshahi district is a district in north-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rajshahi division. The metropolitan city of Rajshahi in Rajshahi district. Geographically Rajshahi is situated within brind tract, 23 m (75 ft) above sea level & lies at 24°22′26″ N 88°36′04″ E. The city is located on the alluvial planes of the Padma river, which runs through southern side of the city. It is bounded on the east, north and west by Paba upazila (subdivision of a district) of the district. The study area is located at zero point (local name sahib bazaar) of Rajshahi district. Shopping mall are located close to this area. It is the focal point of main Rajshahi town. There is a mosque close to it known as sahib bazaar mosque which is located on the junction of natore road.

2.3. Collection and Preparation of Fruits Samples All the seasonal fruit samples were purchased from the central city market of Rajshahi district during the month of February 2016 to January 2017. These fruits are grown in different parts of the country and transported to the city market for public consumption. Fruit samples were collected from the market in required amounts and rapped in paper bags and transported to the laboratory.

The samples were thoroughly cleaned first under tap water to elements dust, dirt, possible parasites or the eggs and then washed again with double distilled water (DDW). Non-edible parts were removed according to common household practices and the edible portion was chopped into small pieces. The small pieces of samples were dried in under sun. Then it dried an air dried oven at 90-95°C until a constant weight was obtained. The dried samples were crushed in a grind machine and passed through an 85 mesh sieve. The resulting fine powder was stored in desiccators in the dark until digestion.

2.4. Health Risk Assessment The health risk index was calculated as the ratio of estimated exposure of test fruit and oral reference dose (Cui et al., 2004). Oral reference doses were 0.0035, 1.5, 0.001 and 0.0003 mg kg-1 day-1 for Pb, Cr, Cd and As respectively (FAO/WHO, 2013) (USPEA-2013). Estimated exposure is obtained by dividing daily intake of heavy metals (DIM) by their safe limit. An index more than 1 is considered as not safe for human health (USEPA-2002). Daily intake of heavy metals (DIM) was calculated by the following equation (Adedokun et al., 2016).

Source of Information: Rajshahi University Journal of Environmental Science, 8, 135-146, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ru.ac.bd/ies

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The concentration trend of toxic metals in selected fruits follows the order of Pb > Cr > As > Cd. It observed that, lead content in the studied fruit samples were ranged from 1.867 - 44.337 mg/kg. Among the analyzed fruits guava, banana, indian olive and karanda showed a very high level of lead i.e. 10.046, 11.391, 42.713 and 44.337 mg/kg respectively, which exceeded the permissible limit of Pb. It is to be noted that guava, banana, indian olive and karanda show exceptionally higher Pb concentrations. Chromium was found in almost all selected fruit varieties here, strawberry showed the highest chromium content (1.506 mg/kg) followed by mango lokhna (1.019 mg/kg), mango lengra (1.277 mg/kg), banana (sagor) (1.070 mg/kg), pineapple (1.323 mg/kg), which exceeded the recommended limit of Cr, and the lowest chromium content pomegranate (0.442 mg/kg), wax apple (0.493 mg/kg). It showed that the concentration of cadmium in fruit samples varied from 0.002 - 0.063 mg/kg. The results showed that the concentration of total cadmium in collected fruit samples were within the normal limit. The concentrations of arsenic in fruit samples were ranged from 0.019 - 0.252 mg/kg. The present results show that the concentration of total arsenic in collected fruit samples were within the normal limit. From the analysis samples will pose no risk as they remain below than the recommended limit for these elements except eight fruits samples (guava, banana, indian olive, karanda, mango lokhna, mango lengra, strawberry, pine-apple) in terms of lead and chromium. From the result of health risk index, it is obvious that the population is therefore at no risk of Pb, Cr, Cd and As.

Knowledge Management: Journal