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Water Stress Regulates Nutrient Availability and Uptake by Rice Plant in Two Paddy Rice Soils

K. Q. Kibria*
Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh

S. Hoque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

M.Z.Hossain
Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nutrient availability varies in paddy rice soil for both aerobic and anaerobic management. A study was undertaken to quantify nutrient availability and uptake by rice plant under water stress condition. Available nutrients of the soils showed considerable variations as a result of water stress at different growth stages of rice compared with control treatment. The effect was, however, found irregular among the nutrients in each of the soil studied. Some nutrients resulted variable response to water stress and hence, no regular trend was obtained from the study. However, the response of N and K towards water stress showed a definite trend of increase and P showed a decreasing trend of change. The uptake of nutrients by the rice plants was severely decreased as a result of water stress because of the reduction in straw yield in both the soils under study.

Keywords: Water stress, Rice, Nutrient Concentration, Uptake and Growth stages

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water Shortage, Nutrient status, Rice

Objectives:

Decreasing water availability for agriculture threatens the productivity of the irrigated rice ecosystem, therefore, new strategy must be sought to save water and sustain rice production. Region like Bangladesh has plenty of rainfall but, due to its erratic distribution, crop failure is not uncommon specially in dry winter season. The aim of the investigation was to observe the change in available nutrient contents in soils and their subsequent effect on their uptake by the rice plant in relation to the alteration in soil water regimes. It was hypothesized that nutrient uptake by rice plant will be inhibited due to aerated soil condition.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted in a net house with Chhiata and Dhamrai series soils. The rice variety BR-11 was used as a testing plant. Soil samples collected from the field were air-dried, ground, passed through 2 mm sieve and uniformly mixed. A five kilogram of soil was placed in each of the 15 pots for both soils. Fertilizer was added in each pot @ 100 Kg N, 20 Kg P, 35 Kg K, 12 Kg S and 1 Kg Zn per hectare for both the soils according to BARC recommended guide (BARC, 2012). Nitrogen was added in three split doses (basal dose, 40 DAT and 75 DAT). Five treatments were included in the experiment with three replication and the treatments were i) control (continuous submergence), ii) water stress at seedling establishment, iii) water stress at tillering stage, iv) water stress at panicle initiation stage and v) alternate wetting and drying cycle from seedling establishment to flowering stage (repeated 5 times).

After puddling, two healthy seedlings were transplanted in each hill and each pot contained 3 such hills in a triangular fashion. Water was maintained throughout the growing season according to the treatments except for the grain maturing stage. In all the treatments, except control, plants were grown in submerged conditions all the time excepting when stress was imposed. In order to create moisture stress in a given pot, the soil was allowed to dry until the appearance of the first sign of wilting. Then water was again added and the plants were allowed to grow under submerged conditions for the rest of the period. Only in the case of the alternate wetting and drying treatment, the wetting-drying cycle was repeated 5 times after seedling establishment to flowering. The soils under this treatment were kept continuously submerged before and after the above-mentioned period.

Rice plant was cut from the ground level and soil samples were collected at each of the growth stages after the period of water stress. No plant samples were taken at the time of seedling establishment. Plants were dried at 700 C for 72 hours and the dry weight of the samples was recorded. Samples were then processed and stored for chemical analysis. Soil samples were collected from the pots at the corresponding time of plant sampling. Available N was determined immediately after sampling. A portion of each sample was air-dried, ground and passed through 2 mm sieve and stored for chemical analysis.

Available soil N (KCl extractable) and total plant N were determined by Micro-Kjeldahl’s method as described by Jackson (1973). Plants were digested with HNO3-HClO4 acid mixture (2:1 ratio) as outlined by Piper (1966) to determine total P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Elements both in soil and plant were quantified according to the following standard methods. Phosphorus was determined by ascorbic acid blue colour method (Murphy and Riley, 1962). Potassium was measured by Flame analyzer (Jencons). Sulfur was quantified turbidimetrically (Hunt, 1980). Calcium and Mg were determined by EDTA titrimetric method.

Source of Information: Rajshahi University Journal of Environmental Science, 7, 11-17, 2018

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Achievement/Findings:

This study demonstrated that nutrient availability was more in Dhamrai soil than Chhiata soil. Findings of the present investigation conclude that variations in nutrient concentration was observed at different growth stages of rice due to water stress for both the soil studied. Nutrient uptake by the rice plant was severely affected due to water stress condition.

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