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Assessment of Heavy Metals Toxicity and Ecological Impact on Surface Water from Padma River

Md Badrul Islam*
Drugs & Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md Moniruzzaman Sarkar
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md Redwanur Rahman
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study deals with the estimation of seven heavy metals in surface water collected from the Padma river near Rajshahi City, Bangladesh and assessment their impacts on human health and ecology by heavy metals contamination. Water sample from three locations were collected, acid digested and the concentrations of trace metals such as Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, and As were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The average concentration of studied metals in water of Padma River followed the decreasing order of: Mn> Cr > Zn >Pb> Ni > Cd > Cu >As. The calculated water quality index (WQI) values of Padma River ranged between 30.07-35.19 and 35.86-41.84 for drinking water; 11.44 to 13.58 for irrigation and 48.85 to 56.47 for aquatic life according respectively. Most of the samples were found within the limit of standards of DoE, WHO and CCME for surface water. Human health risk assessment revealed that noncarcinogenic health risk posed by the ingestion or dermal contact of heavy-metal-contaminated water is low, having overall HI values of 2.31x10-4.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Surface water, Padma River, Ecological impact, Human health risk

Location: Three sites namely I-dam, T-dam and Padma garden; the Padma River. Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-03-2016

End Date: 00-04-2016

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Water pollution, Heavy metal

Objectives:

River water quality is one of the important factors directly concerning with health of human and living beings (Kazi et al., 2009) and hence for effective pollution control and water resource management it is very crucial to have reliable information on water quality characteristics. Therefore it is a great need to evaluate and maintained the river water quality to achieve successful aquaculture (Rahman, 1992). So, efforts have been made to evaluate the heavy metals toxicity and their ecological impact on surface water from the Padma River.

Methodology:

2.1 Collection of Water Sample: For the analysis of heavy metals, water samples (10 samples from each sites) from three sites namely I-dam, T-dam and Padma garden were collected in dry season (March to April, 2016) at a depth of about 0.3m below water surface into 500 ml plastic bottles previously cleaned with 10% nitric acid. Samples were then collected by direct immersion of the sampling bottle into the river. Immediately after collection, the sample was acidified with 2 ml nitric acid stored and at 4⁰C until further analysis).

2.2. Digestion of Sample for Heavy metal Analysis To prepare water sample for analysis heavy metal, concentrated HNO3 acid was added to 50 ml of water and then heated on a bloc digester until its volume reduced to 20 ml. Another 5ml of concentrated HNO3 was added and then heated for 10 minutes and allowed to cool. Then filtered using Whatman 0.42 μm filter paper and made 100 ml with distilled water.

2.4.1. Water Quality Index (WQI) To evaluate the suitability of water quality of Padma River WQI has been calculated using the weighted arithmetic water quality index method (Brown et al., 1972), which classifies the water quality according to the degree of purity by using the most commonly, measured water quality variables. The water quality index parameter was calculated using the widely used mathematical formula.

3. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS software Version 20.0). Two way ANOVA was used to show the interactions between the sites while One way ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences at P ≤ 0.05. For significance difference, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means. Correlation coefficient test was used to determine whether there was a relationship between water and heavy metal parameters separately.

Source of Information: Rajshahi University Journal of Environmental Science, 7, 30-39, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals in water from the Padma River near Rajshahi City Corporation area. The results revealed that the heavy metals were present in the water of Padma River following the decreasing trend Mn> Cr > Zn >Pb> Ni > Cd > Cu >As and most of their concentrations did not exceed the recommended values provided by some standard authorities. As a results from water quality index rating in can be concluded that the water of Padma River was good for drinking, excellent for irrigation and slightly poor for aquatic life. Moreover, human health risk assessment revealed low non-carcinogenic health risk posed by the ingestion or dermal contact of heavy-metal-contaminated water. However, the continuous monitoring of these toxic trace elements in water is recommended to ensure the quality of surface water as well as aquatic foods harvested from Padma River.

Knowledge Management: Journal