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Morphodynamics of Jamuna River Along Sariakandi Upazila, Bogra District During 1956-2015

Syed Nazrul Islam
Geological Survey of Bangladesh, 153 Pioneer Road, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Nazwanul Haque
Geological Survey of Bangladesh, 153 Pioneer Road, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Rintu Roy
Geological Survey of Bangladesh, 153 Pioneer Road, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

River bank erosion is a perennial problem and has direct impact on the people who are living along the Jamuna river bank area. The studied area about 412 km² lies in north-western part of Bangladesh under Sariakandi Upazila, Bogra District. The present works aim mainly for river shifting detection and morphodynamics analyses of the Jamuna River at Sariakandi Upazila, Bogra District. The area has been classified into 10 geomorphic units. These units are Flood plain, Abandoned channel, Meander scar, Back swamp, Point bar, Old channel bar, New channel bar, Ox-bow Lake, Ephemeral channel and Perennial Channel. The river continuously have been changed its course from East to West since 1956 to 2015. Interpretations of the images data and Topographic map shows that since 1956 to 2015, total 124.77 Km² land area engraved by the river in western bank of the river. On the contrary, in eastern bank about 61.58 km² new land accreted. Highest rate of erosion in between the year of 1956 and 1975 was 6.36 km² per year. Mid channel is now becoming to the main channel and enormous land is expected to be added to the mainland with the sedimentation in the left bank. The widening of the river suggests that channel adjustment is still continuing.

Keywords: Morphodynamics, Shifting, Erosion, ArcGIS

Location: The north-western part of Bangladesh under Sariakandi Upazila, Bogra District.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land erosion

Objectives:

Purpose of the present study is to prepare the geomorphological and decade interval bank and bar shifting map and to estimate the decade interval accretion, erosion of bank and bar since 1950’s. The work was carried out based on Topographic map and multispectral satellite image analyses since 1950’s up to recent period followed by field investigations. The river continuously have been changed its course from East to West since 1956 to 2015.

Methodology:

The research work was based on multispectral satellite imagery (SPOT, 1990; Landsat-MSS, 1975; LandsatTM, 1980; Landsat-ETM, 2000; Landsat-ETM+, 2005 & 2015; Rapid Eye, 2010 and Google Earth data) interpretations which were used by means of ArcGIS and Erdas Imagine software followed by field check. Firstly, a base map is prepared by analyses of topographic map (1956) and different satellite images. On the basis of texture, tone, association, shape, pattern, the geomorphological map is prepared. Auger drilling data is carried out from different places to collect the lithological data. Different derivatives maps have been used to prepare morphometry study, bank-bar shifting study etc. Finally, the layers of maps which extracted from different images overlay to obtain the erosion rate.

Source of Information: Rajshahi University Journal of Environmental Science, 6, 72-76, 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the studied area, since the middle of 19th century, trend of the river course is shifting continuously to westward. Thousands of people had been changed from land owners to refugees during this period for river shifting. Interpretations of the images data and Topographic map shows that since 1956 to 2015, total 124.77 km² land area engraved by the river in western bank of the river. On the contrary, in eastern bank about 61.58 km² new land accreted. Mid channel is now becoming to the main channel and enormous land is expected to be added to the mainland with the sedimentation in the left bank. Left bank of the river in study area may call “the place of newly accreted landmass” once which was the place of erosion. Now the main river is flowing along the eastern part of the Sariakandi Upazila. The output of the present research work may be helpful to the decision-makers to take the proper mitigation measure regarding river bank erosion. The area should be kept in government authorities’ attention to take preventive bank erosion measures considering the river geomorphology and morphometry. Right bank should be protected by permanent bank protection schemes, so that, further westward devastating shift can be avoided in future.

Knowledge Management: Journal