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Morpho-phenological and Yield Responses of Maize (zea Mays L.) to Non-irrigated Water Stress Condition

U.K. Ray

S. Sikder*
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

M.M. Bahadur
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

S.K. Pramanik
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To evaluate the responses of morpho-phenological and yield traits of maize under non-irrigated water stress, four maize varieties viz. BARI hybrid maize-7, Fortune Gold, Golden Star and KC 505 were grown under well water and water deficit stress condition. Drought tolerant varieties showed greater ability to retain water in leaf and required more days for attaining different phenological stages compared to sensitive variety under stress condition. Length of leaf blade and leaf sheath, leaf breadth, plant height, tassel length, cob length, seed weight cob-1 and grain yield under water deficit stress condition contributed to better tolerance of BARI hybrid maize-7 over the other maize varieties. However, in response to different morpho-phenological and yield traits, BARI hybrid maize-7 was more drought tolerant and Fortune Gold was considered as drought susceptible, whereas the Golden Star and KC 505 varieties were moderately drought tolerant.

Keywords: Drought tolerance, Phenology, Water stress, Yield traits, Zea mays

Location: Laboratory and research field of Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2015

End Date: 00-05-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize, Water stress

Objectives:

Growth and developmental traits such as plant height, leaf area, plant biomass, stem diameter etc. are negatively affected by drought stress condition (Zhao et al. 2006). Besides, drought stress seriously hinders the growth and development of maize by reducing the productivity like other crops (Tai et al. 2011). In this circumstance, drought tolerant varieties might be an effective way to increase the maize production under soil moisture deficit condition. Therefore, the present study was undertaken for comparative identification of drought tolerant varieties using four prominent maize cultivars through evaluating the morpho-phenological and yield responses to drought stress condition. This study will also be helpful for expanding year round and sustainable maize production in Bangladesh, especially in the northern regions under water deficit condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the laboratory and research field of Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during December 2015 to May 2016. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m × 2m having a plot to plot and block to block distance of 0.75 and 1m, respectively. The two growing conditions: a) well water condition (three irrigation levels that applied at 8-10 leaf stage, silking stage and grain filling stage) and b) water stress condition (no irrigation) were placed in main plots as main plot treatments, whereas four maize varieties (BARI hybrid maize-7, Golden Star, KC 505 and Fortune Gold) were placed randomly in the sub plots. Different phenological stages viz. seedling emergence, four-leaf stage, eight-leaf stage, twelve-leaf stage, tassel emergence stage, silking stage and maturity stage were observed and recorded in days when 50% plants of each plot reached a respective stage. Relative leaf water content (RLWC) was determined at tassel emergence stage followed by Kocheva et al. (2014) using the formula.

Different morphological traits such as length of leaf blade, length of leaf sheath, leaf breadth, plant height and tassel length were recorded at dry silk stage. Yield traits such as cob length, seed weight cob-1 and grain yield were recorded properly during harvesting. The grain yield was adjusted to 12% moisture. Stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated as Goudarzi and Pakniyat (2008) using the formula.

The data were analyzed by partitioning the total variance using MSTAT-C program and the means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez 1984) at 5% level of probability.

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 18 (June 2020): 8-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that all the studied maize varieties showed a decreasing trend in response to different morpho-phenological and yield traits under water stress condition compared to normal one. However, among the maize varieties, BARI hybrid maize-7 was considered as drought tolerant, while Fortune Gold as drought susceptible variety. The other two varieties (Golden Star and KC 505) were accounted as moderately drought tolerant.

Knowledge Management: Journal