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Research Detail

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M.A. Taleb
School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705.

A.H.M. Shamim
School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705.

The present study focuses the knowledge on morphological features of medicinal plants for their authentic identification. The medicinal plants were also grown with a view to popularize the cultivation and its necessity and also for future scientific study and sustainable uses. Twelve (12) medicinal plants were studied in order to understand the morphological characters as well as their useful information. The lowest growth rate was recorded 6.5 cm in-country mallow and the highest was 97 cm in nutmeg plant. The highest number of primary branches (22), secondary branches (60) in asparagus and tertiary branches (25) in-country mallow were recorded. The growth habit of majority of the plants were erect and some were of spreading and erect spreading. The canopy diameter was the lowest 2 cm and 4 cm in snake plant and the highest was 50 cm and 120 cm in rose flower fragrant during planting and after six months of planting respectively. The lowest planting density (03) in life plant and the highest (70) in asparagus were recorded. The lowest stem diameter was found 0.57 cm in asparagus and the highest was 2.55 cm in snake plant. Various colour was recorded like green, light green and greyish. Snake plant showed stem hairs, but other plants had no stem hairs. The density of stem hair was abundant in snake plant. The shape of leaf, leaf apex, leaf base and leaf margin were observed and found different shapes e.g. cordate, lanceolate, obtuse, linear, subulate etc. The highest length of leaf was recorded 15.6 cm in cattle bush, but the lowest 3.9 cm in-country mallow. The leaf width was found highest at 8 cm in nutmeg plant, but the lowest 0.3 cm in asparagus. The highest length of petiole was 7.6 cm in nutmeg plant, but the lowest 0.1 cm in rosy flowered leadwort. The leaves, roots, stems, barks, flowers, fruits and seeds of the studied plants are used as medicine to control different diseases. Tree size, type and nature were also recorded to identify the plants.

  Morphological characters, Medicinal plants, Medicinal values, Diseases, Potency
  Bangladesh Open University, Bangladesh.
  
  
  Development of Host and Medicinal Plants
  Medicinal Plants

The study on twelve (12) important medicinal plants were therefore undertaken- (1) to obtain information on morphological features which would help in their identification and authentication, (2) to conserve for sustainable uses and future scientific study, and (3) to popularize their cultivation and necessity.

 

Experimental Site- Twelve medicinal plants were grown in Bangladesh Open University (BOU) campus for the study at a latitude of 90º31/N, the longitude of 24º22/S at the elevation of 50 m above the sea level. The reason of growing those plants was to encourage local people and BOU employees to set up their own medicinal plant gardens. Soil- The land was high and the soil was sandy loam with good internal drainage system. The site belongs to Madhupur tract under the Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) number 28. Collection of Plant Materials- The sexual or asexual seedlings of twelve medicinal plants were collected from the nurseries situated from different locations of Bangladesh which are most commonly used by local people of Bangladesh as medicine. Plantation and Intercultural Operations- After preparing the allotted land, the collected seedlings were planted. Each significant plant was labelled mentioning their Bangla, English, scientific, and family names. The care was taken after plantation of seedlings like watering, manuring, earthing up, protection measures, weeding etc. Data Collection- Data was taken from primary sources e.g. field temperature, relative humidity (RH), growth rate, number of branches, growth habit, canopy diameter, branch density, stem diameter, stem colour, stem hair, stem hair density, shape of leaf, leaf apex, leaf base and leaf margin, color, length and width of fully grown leaf, length of petiole etc. Data was also collected from secondary sources e.g. relevant books, magazines, journals, term papers, papers, proceedings, periodicals, essays, reports and internet information etc. The secondary sources were used to know the medicinal parts and values of the plants. Detailed records were kept that enabled thorough analysis to cultivate these medicinal plants. Growth Rate- Initial height of each of the medicinal plants was measured using tape just after planting in the field. Their growth rate was recorded at every two months interval. Number of Branches- The number of branches of every medicinal plant were counted in two times. One counting was done at planting time and another one was after six months of planting. Three types of branches like primary, secondary and tertiary were recorded. Measurement of Canopy Diameter of a Tree- Canopy diameter of a tree is an important attribute of the size of the tree that influences the benefits e.g. cooling that a tree provides. The diameter of the tree’s crown (canopy) i.e. the distance from one edge to the other was measured for the determination of canopy width. For the consistent and reducing subjectivity of the canopy, straight along the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) was measured. To identify the edge of the canopy, walked to its edge, and looked up imagining the drip line off its leaves. If a tree were to function as an umbrella, the drip line would be the edge of the canopy where the water would run off. The distance was measured from the trunk to the drip line in each of the four cardinal directions using measuring tape. Measurement of Stem Diameter of a Tree- The stem of a tree above the ground level was wrapped using specially calibrated diameter tape around the outside (circumference) of a tree. It was made sure that the string was straight and tight around the trunk and marked or cut the circumference on the string/rope. Then the length of string was measured. This indicated the total circumference of the tree. Now the circumference was divided by 3.14 to convert the circumference measurement to diameter. This diameter means the diameter of a tree with bark. For getting the diameter of a tree without bark, the circumference has to divide by 4. Identifying a Tree Using the Shape of Leaf, Leaf Apex, Leaf Base and Leaf Margin- The fully grown leaves of different medicinal plants were seen. Because the shape of leaf, leaf apex, leaf base and leaf margin are the discriminating features for identifying plant species. There are basically three main parts of a leaf-stalk or petiole, leaf blade or lamina and stipules. The stalk or petiole is the thin section joining the base to the lamina, it is generally cylindrical or semicircular in form. In some of the plants the stalk is absent. Such types of leaves are called sessile. The leaf blade is consisted by base, midrib, veins, margin and apex. The connecting point from stem to leaf blade is called base point. Every leaf has got a mid-vein, which starts from leaf base and extends to the length of the leaf. The mid-vein of the leaf is not necessarily straight and bends towards left or right. For symmetric leaf, the mid-vein is straight and length of the mid-vein corresponds to length of the leaf. The asymmetric leaves have mid-vein bent towards right or left. The lamina or leaf blade is the widest part of the leaf. The stipules are small structures located on either sides of the base of the petiole. Not every species produces leaves with all of these structural components. In certain species, paired stipules are not obvious or are absent altogether. A petiole may be absent, or the blade may not be laminar (flattened). There are large varieties exist in leaf structures. Hence, leaf blade was considered as a peculiar feature for recognition and classification. Leaf shape of medicinal plants can vary considerably. The different leaf shapes based on base angle, base shape, tip angle, tip shape and margin like cordate (heart shaped, stem attaches to cleft with wide and has broader base than apex), lanceolate (pointed at both ends), obtuse (rounded point, angle base), linear (parallel margins, elongate), cuneate (wedge shaped, acute base), subulate (tapering point, awl shaped), elliptic (leaves with acute angle at both base and apex and having widest part at centre), aristate (with a spine like tip), oval oblong (egg shaped with base and apex obtuse, but has equidistant parallel edges at the centre part of the leaf), acute (leaf or leaflet margins taper gradually or abruptly to a point at the apex), pointed (leaf base and tip incisive or angular less than 90º), rounded (without a pointed apex), cuneate (wedge shaped acute base), oblique (a leaf twisted or inclined from the normal position), serrate (margin has a series of tooth like pointed teeth around the entire leaf edge), entire (margin is even and smooth around the entire leaf edge), serrulate (with fine serration), light serrate (light teeth forward-pointing) etc. were found in the research. Low rainfall and moderately high temperature were the climatic characteristics of Gazipur district in Bangladesh. The research area was surrounded by heavy industrial areas. Weekly meteorological aspects in respect of air temperature and relative humidity during the period of research were recorded by thermometer and hygrometer respectively.

  Int. J. Expt. Agric. 11(1):24-31(May 2021)
  http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Endeavors are invested to conserve twelve important medicinal plants in a piece of land at Bangladesh Open University (BOU) campus to study their morphological characters. The conservation of medicinal plants is a successive action. It’s the responsibility for all the stakeholders in a country to preserve ecology simultaneously to conserve the biodiversity as medicinal plant is one of the parts. It will be possible to collect and conserve further medicinal plants in the plots of BOU as future genetic resources in the coming days. It is hoped that these medicinal plants will sustainably be used for our primary health care needs and future scientific study. BOU campus where those medicinal plants are conserved by which people can identify the plants authentically. Indisputably BOU and its surroundings people will be encouraged to cultivate these plants for their necessity and this will be popularized in the public.

Some of the ways might be taken for the future perspective which are stated below:

  • Govt. should take initiation for the publicity of usefulness of medicinal plants through radio, television & other media.
  • To save the forest for the conservation of medicinal plants.
  • A specific division should be established in the ministry to know the medicinal plants easily.
  • To establish gardens of medicinal plants in all the districts as gene bank.
  • To organize seminars, symposiums, workshops, conferences for increasing awareness about medicinal plants.
  • To motivate the mass people to grow medicinal plants in their homestead garden.
  Journal
  


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