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Phytoplankton Zooplankton Interrelationship Between Two Ponds and Effect of Seasonal Fluctuations on Their Abundance

S.M. Majharul Islam
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2202 Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Jahangir Alam
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology Univerasity, 8602 Dumki, Bangladesh

Md. Sulaiman
Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2202 Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Physico-chemical parameters and plankton such as phyto and zooplankton have been studied in selected two ponds in Dumkiupazila in Patuakhali district. Physico-chemical parameter plays a vital role in the aquatic community. Their growth and productivity rate directly affected by those parameters. Phyto and Zooplankton constitute an important food supplier of many omnivorous and carnivorous fishes. Moreover, it has a great impact to control biological activity, oxidation and organic compounds. The study was carried out both culture and non-culture aquatic resources. There are about 4 groups of zooplankton where Copepoda (40.08%), Maxillopoda (38.83%), Malacostraca (16.29%), Branchiopoda (4.8%) and 10 groups of phytoplankton were identified where Bacillariophyceae (29.65%), Euglenophyceae (1.34%), Spirotrichea (2.20%), Cyanophyceae (25.88%), Surirellaceae (0.74%), Chlorophyceae (1.13%), Zygnematophyceae (3.30%), Ulotrichaceae (10.85%), Ulvophyceae (24.88%). Nauplius (38.83%) are the most abundant among all Zooplankton and Fragillaria (22.02%) are most among all phytoplankton. Physico-chemical parameters have a great impact on plankton abundance. Some Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, ammonia were observed monthly. Mean values of water temperature (°C), transparency (cm), dissolved oxygen (mg LG¹), pH, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate (mg LG¹), and ammonia (mg LG¹) were 29.35±1.68, 36.71±3.8, 4.90±1.7, 7.19±0.7, 95.14±17. 19, 10.72±2.27, 0. 16±0.08, respectively. Water temperature, ammonia, pH, and phosphorus were optimum range in the investigation time. But the concentration of nitrate was so, high. Nitrate, ammonia and dissolved oxygen were responsible for water quality deterioration and great effect on the whole plankton production system. So, plankton abundance having a correlation with physic-chemical parameters and that has a diverse effect on aquatic organisms.

Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Abundance, Pond

Location: Dumkiupazila in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal, Plankton

Objectives:

To develop and understanding the phytoplankton and zooplankton community, their abundance, distribution, and interrelationship with physic-chemical parameters in the water body.

Methodology:

Sample collection: The plankton sampling was carried out by plankton net in different locations of two selected pond at different times. Then the collected sample was preserved in a plastic bottle with % formalin. The collected samples were taken from Sedgewick Rafter Counter Cell (SRC) and which was brought under a digital microscope (Optica Microscope Italy) and observed carefully. With the help of identified book the plankton were identified. Plankton abundance is the number of individuals or cells per unit of volume. The number of individual plankton was calculated under the following equation: Where: K: Phytoplankton abundance (cell m^-3); A: Volume of filtered water sample (2 L); B: Total area/container area of Sedgewick rafter counting cell (mL); C: Observed area (mm²); V: Volume of filtered water (1.5 mL); v: Concentration volume of Sedgewick rafter counting cell (mL); n: Number of observed phytoplankton. Some of the Physico-chemical studies were done on the spot while others were done in laboratory. The ponds were flown at Dumki city beside the market. It is a perennial and shallow water body and holds average water body almost 1.5-2 m around the year. The ponds gets sunlight around the year and the bottom soil of which contains clay and the ponds are highly charged. Run off containing sewage, detergents, animal dung silt, and decomposing of organic matter enrich the ponds with nutrients that supports the growth of aquatic macrophytes. These ponds are dewatered every year during the rainy season. The temperature was measured by a centigrade thermometer. Transparency was measured by a Secchidisc while pH. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content of water was determined by DO meter (model-JENWAY-9015). Titrimetric methods was used to determine the alkalinity. Ammonia and nitrite were estimated using HACH water test kit. Collection of samples and necessary preservation for various Physico-chemical parameters and their estimation were carried out following Standard Methods^[14]. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of both phyto and zooplankton were done following drop count method^[14].

Source of Information: Journal of Fisheries International, Volume: 15, Issue 1, 2020, Page No.: 7-13, ISSN: 1817-3381

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The obtained results show that the physic-chemical parameter has a great influence over the plankton community. Their abundance, growth, and distribution may vary on that parameter. No single factor is responsible for this variability. However, temperature, sunlight exposure period, sunlight penetration, water pH, wind, transparency, seasonal variations, water characteristics, nutrient enrichment, and prey-predator may be related to variable changes in the plankton distribution and their abundance in ponds’ water. Those parameters also depend on a seasonal fluctuation. So, they are inter-connected with each other. All those information are very useful for further research activities and introduced as the main foundation of related study criteria in this Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal