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Cytotoxic and Anthelmintic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Codiaeum Variegatum Root

Krishanu Sikder
Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh

Rezaul Karim
Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh

Golam Mohammad
Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh

Sukumar Bepary*
Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study investigated the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of methanol extract of Codiaeum variegatum root. Anthelmintic activity was assessed by observation of paralysis and death time after applying different concentrations of the methanol extract; while to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the plant extracts, brine shrimp lethality test method was applied taking vincristine sulphate as positive control. The LC50 value of the extract in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay of Codiaeum variegatum root was found to be 1.82µg/ml. The LC50 value of the standard significantly correlated with the cytotoxic activity. In anthelmintic activity, the paralysis and the death time of earthworm at 10mg/ml concentration of Codiaeum variegatum root were found to be 42 and 81 minutes respectively, whereas, the standard albendazole 10 mg/ml concentration showed these as 26 and 58 minutes respectively and thus there was correlation with anthelmintic activity.

Keywords: Cytotoxic, Anthelmintic, Codiaeum variegatum, Methanol extract.

Location: Noyarhat, Ashulia, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The roots of Codiaeum variegatum are branched. Codiaeum variegatum has been used traditionally for the management of toothache and its leaves are used for fungal infection. Thus the present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of root extract of Codiaeum variegatum for finding out the new possibility of drug discovery.

Methodology:

The whole plant was collected from Noyarhat, Ashulia, Bangladesh and then was identified by the National Herbarium of Bangladesh, Mirpur, Dhaka. The voucher specimens of the plants have been deposited in the herbarium for further reference. The underground parts of the collected plants were separated from the aerial parts (leaves & petioles) and have been used for the extraction process.

The Codiaeum variegatum collected plant parts were shade-dried and then dried in a hot air oven at reduced temperature (not more than 50 °C) to make suitable for grinding purpose. The powdered plant materials (400gm) were used for cold extraction using methanol (2000ml solvent). The powder plant materials were dissolved in methanol for seven days and then filtered through a cotton plug followed by Whatman filter paper. The extract was then concentrated by using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The crude methanol extract thus obtained was then used for the cytotoxic and anthelmintic screenings.

Brine shrimp lethality bioassay is widely used in the bioassay for the bioactive compounds by following Meyer et al., 1982. A measured amount of each of test samples were dissolved in measured amount of pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to get stock solutions. Then the solution was subjected to serial dilution with simulate sea water to get the 800, 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/ml concentrations. 2.5 ml of simulated sea water containing 10 nauplii was added in each of the concentrations. After incubation of 24 h, numbers of dead nauplii were observed. In the present study vincristine sulphate was used as the positive control and simulated sea water was used as the negative control.

The anthelmintic assay was carried out as per the reported method with minor modifications (Vidyadhar et al., 2010). For this assay, adult Earthworm (Pheretimaposthuma) was taken as the organism due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal round worm parasites of human being. The groups of six equal sized earthworms in each group were kept in 10, 25 and 50 mg/ml concentrations of the extract. Group of earthworms in saline solution was used as negative control group and group of earthworms in Albendazole (10mg/ml) used as the positive control. Observations were made for the time taken to paralysis and death of individual worms. Paralysis as said to occur when no movement of any sort could be observed except the worms was shaken vigorously. Death was concluded when the worms neither moved when shaken vigorously nor when dipped in warm water at 50⁰C.

Source of Information: Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 4(2): 196 – 199, 2018 ISSN 2414-1402

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The methanol extract of Codiaeum variegatum root showed significant correlation with cytotoxic property when compared with standard cytotoxic drug vincristine sulphate. Thus further researches can be made to explore any possible cytotoxic agent in this plant. Similarly the prominent anthelmintic activity as observed in a dose-dependent manner when compared with standard anthelmintic drug albendazole indicated that further exploration can be thought for searching the bioactive molecule present in this root. However, extensive Bioactivity-guided research can be employed to isolate the bioactive compounds contained in the root extracts with a target to discover new pharmacological agents.

Knowledge Management: Journal