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Climate Change Impacts on Rice Production in Bangladesh

Md. Nazmul Haque
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Department of Agronomy, Master of Science in Agronomy, Dhaka

Sheikh Muhammad Masum Ph. D.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Department of Agronomy

Md. Hazrat Ali
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Department of Agronomy

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is frequently cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. A study was undertaken to study the effects of climate change on rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Bangladesh. The book was prepared by accommodating the findings from different researchers. Different vulnerable regions of climate change were included in the study and effects of different climatic parameters on rice yield were studied. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, atmospheric CO₂, solar radiation are closely linked with rice production. Climate directly influences the physiological processes of rice plant’s growth, development and grain formation. Indirectly, climate influences the incidence of crop pests, diseases and hence, and grain yields. Bangladesh is frequently cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. A study was undertaken to study the effects of climate change on rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Bangladesh. The book was prepared by accommodating the findings from different researchers. Different vulnerable regions of climate change were included in the study and effects of different climatic parameters on rice yield were studied. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, atmospheric CO₂, solar radiation are closely linked with rice production. Climate directly influences the physiological processes of rice plant’s growth, development and grain formation. Indirectly, climate influences the incidence of crop pests, diseases and hence, and grain yields.

Keywords: Climate change, Climate, Rice, Rice production, Bangladesh.

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

To study the effect(s) of climate change on rice production in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Bangladesh has a humid, warm, tropical climate. Its climate is influenced primarily by monsoon and partly by pre-monsoon and post-monsoon circulations. The southwest monsoon originates over the Indian Ocean and carries warm, moist, and unstable air. Besides monsoon, the easterly trade winds are also active, providing warm and relatively drier circulation. In Bangladesh, there are four prominent seasons, namely, winter (December to February), pre-monsoon (March to May), monsoon (June to early-October), post-monsoon (late-October to November). Bangladesh is located between 20^o 34´ and 26^o 38´ north latitude and between 88^o 01´ and 92^o 41´ east longitude. It is bordered on the north, west and east by India, on the southeast by Myanmar, and on the south by the Bay of Bengal. Most of the country is low-lying land comprising mainly the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Floodplains occupy 80% of the country. Mean elevations range from less than 1m on tidal floodplains, 1 to 3m on the main river and estuarine floodplains, and up to 6m in the Sylhet basin in the northeast (Rashid, 1991). Only the northeast and southeast portions of the country are hilly, with some tertiary hills over 1000 meters above mean sea level (Huq and Asaduzzaman, 1999). This low level of development, combined with other factors such as its geography and climate, makes the country quite vulnerable to climate change, especially the southwest coastal part. Climate is defined as the average weather patterns existing throughout several years over a large portion of Earth's surface. Usually, climate is measured for a specific area or region based on weather patterns over a 30-35 year time period. Climate, therefore, varies from weather because weather is concerned only with short-term events. A simple way to remember the distinction between the two is the saying, "Climate is what we expect, but weather is what we get." Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years). Climate change may refer to a change in average weather conditions or in the time variation of weather around longer-term average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as global warming (National Research Council, 2010). The climate change indicators include: * Enhanced CO₂ on crop growth * Higher temperature * Water availability * Climate variability (extremities) - intense drought, cyclones, typhoon, heatwaves * Soil fertility and erosion * Pests and diseases * Sea-level rise * Soil salinity. The rice farming communities have been exposed to a mixture of adverse climatic conditions: # Drought during winter-spring cropping season # Dry spells in rainy season # Prolonged rainfalls # Intense sun in dry season that leads to drought # Long lasting flood # Extended flooding areas # Deep inundations.

Source of Information: Lambert Academic Publishing; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306058329

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The arable lands in Bangladesh are decreasing due to climate change and its induced calamities. From this study it is seen that, the production of the boro are increasing in Bangladesh along with significant decreasing in the production area of aus and aman rice crops. Bangladesh urgently needs support to develop climate-resilient agriculture for its people to survive and prosper in the long term. Different climate zones are impacted differently by climate change. Therefore, the severity of climate change effects on rice varies among the climate zones and so will be the effect on rice yields. Possible policies may include the development and use of drought-tolerant rice varieties for western and northwestern zones, submergence tolerant rice for flood-prone zones, salinity-tolerant rice for the southwest zone and cold-tolerant rice for the northeast zone. Wide dissemination of information on these varieties among farmers is necessary for the adoption of new varieties. This will reduce yield variability, ensuring food security and alleviating rural poverty in the presence of climate change.

Knowledge Management: Journal