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Histopathology in the Fish Channa Punctatus, Heteropneustes Fossilis and Anabas Testudineus Exposed to Diazinon

Mohammad Sohidul Islam
Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MD. Mansurul Haque
Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MD. Nazim Uddin
Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MD. Hasanuzzaman

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Pesticides deteriorate the normal function of the vital organs of fishes and in case of high concentrations, it totally damaged those organs. Histological changes in gills, liver, heart, intestine, and kidney of three common fish species (Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Anabas testudineus) have been studies to observe the effect of Diazinon as it has become a very common pollutant in the aquatic environment. Six different concentrations (2.5. 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 mg/l) of pesticide had been applied in the test aquaria (Chari) to experience the major alterations of the vital organs of the three treated species of fish. Lower concentrations (2.5 to 10.0 mg/l) had no remarkable effect on the treated organs, whereas, Curley gill lamellae, irregular blood vessels in the liver, muscle fiber destruction in the heart, blended Submucosa and glomerular necrosis were found in C. punctatus from 15.0 to 25.0 mg/l doses. Lamellar fusion, sinusoid vacuoles, fused villi, and hemorrhagic renal tubules were observed in H. fossilis and bent in secondary lamellae, irregular blood vessels in the liver, fragmented muscle fiber in the heart, ruptured villi, as well as necrotic glomerular, were noticed in A. testudineus in the same doses of Diazinon. The present study demonstrated that pesticide (Diazinon) disrupted the normal function of the sensory organs of fishes by damaging them in different ways.

Keywords: Histological alteration, Pesticide, Ecosystems, Freshwater fishes

Location: Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Pesticide

Objectives:

To investigate the toxicity effects of Diazinon on some histopathological indices of the three indigenous freshwater fish species i.e. C. punctatus, H. fossilis and A. testudineus that would facilitate knowledge for the management of freshwater reservoirs regarding Diazinon application in agriculture fields.

Methodology:

Collection and maintenance of experimental fish species: Three experimented fish species- C. punctatus with 12 to 16 cm length and 24 to 30 gm weight, H. fossilis with 13 to 18 cm length and 25 to 32 gm weight, and A. testudineus with 4.3 to 7.1 cm length and 10.6 to 28.3 gm weight were collected from the local water bodies (beels) in Dhamrai area located in Savar district, Bangladesh. Selected fishes were transported in plastic containers and reared in 5 clay pots locally called Chari of 18×5×10 inches in size with 20 liters of water receptivity of each. All samples were cleaned with 0.5% KMnO₄ solution for five minutes to set free external infections and acclimatized under tap water in a large glass tank with 100 liters capacity for a week. Water temperature 26±0.17º C with pH 6.5±0.02 and 7.3±0.22 mg/l dissolved oxygen was maintained in the test Chari. The experiments were conducted in the Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the photoperiod of 12D:12L. Fishes were fed twice daily with earthworms and dead fishes were immediately removed to avoid possible water quality deterioration. The water of the experimented Chari was changed regularly that maintained the better possible effects of Diazinon. Insecticide formulation- Insecticide was purchased from the local authorized dealer in the Savar market. 200 ml stock solution was prepared following the EC% active ingredient (mg/l) with the formula of (200×60)/1000= X (X= amount of Diazinon 60EC), 200-X= DW (distill water). Finally, 200 ml stock solution = (X+DW) ml. The desired dose concentrations for 20L tap water were formulated with the aphorism of S₁V₁= S₂V₂ (Here, S₁= 200mg/l, S₂= 1 mg/l, V₁= dose concentration, V₂ =20L). The selected concentrations of chemicals were poured into the 20L tap water in the Chari with a micropipette and stirred the solution gently with a glass rod for mixing completely. Histological study (Dissection and Slide preparation) For the histological investigation, the fishes (20×3) were exposed to various concentrations of Diazinon (2.5. 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 mg/l) with three replications for each group. The control group fishes (20) had not treated with insecticide. After 04 days (96 hours), both the control and insecticide-treated fishes (randomly selected three fishes in each concentration) were dissected and examined for histological study by the use of dissecting tray and surgical tools (scalpels, forceps, needle, etc.) following the methods of Keneko ^[29] and Schalm et al. ^[30]. Gill, Liver, Heart, Intestine, and Kidney were dissected sophisticatedly and kept in a plastic vial with 10% formaldehyde. After fixation for 24 hours, the sections of tissues were dehydrated by ethyl alcohol for removed water from the tissue block and then embedded within a small cube of paraffin. The paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioning accomplished by using a microtome. The microtome drives a knife across the surface of the paraffin cubes and produces a series of thin sections (5µm) with a continuous ‘ribbon’. Then the sections were mounted on individual microscope slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In the end, the sections of tissue were permanently mounted under a coverslip. After preparation, slides were viewed under Olympus CX41microscope (X10) and photographs were taken for further analysis.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies; 2019; 7(6): 47-54

Article Link (Online Journal): www.fisheriesjournal.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the study concluded that even a small amount of pesticide (Diazinon) presence in freshwater reservoirs causes harmful effects on fish physiology and subsequently make the death of the fish species. So, from the pesticide standpoint, it should take necessary precautions to applied pesticides in the natural environment or use pesticides in minimum quantity to protect the aquatic creatures. Therefore, further investigations required to select the optimum concentrations of pesticides as well as histopathological changes in other organs of the experimented fish species.

Knowledge Management: Journal