The methods used to fulfill some of the main specific objectives are described below. Food-consumption surveys and analysis of data We reanalyzed the data from a small consumption survey conducted in a village in the Manikganj District in December 1991–January 1992 to calculate the intakes of small indigenous fish species and all other fish species, termed “large fish” . We conducted consumption studies in the Manikganj village, a double-cropped rice, flooded area, using traditional farming practices, and in a village in the Mymensingh district, a triple-cropped non-flooded area, using modern farming practices; both villages were included in the Nutrition Survey of Rural Bangladesh 1981–82, in two seasons with respect to rice production, October–November 1995 (the lean season) and January–March 1996 (the peak season). The method used was 24- hour food weighing at the individual level, once per season. Fish intake was recorded at the species level. In collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute, we analyzed data on fish intake at the species level from a consumption study conducted in Mymensingh District in 1996/97, using a 24-hour recall method at the individual level, once per season. A study was conducted in 84 rural households in Kishoreganj District in three rounds (July 1997, October 1997, and February 1998) in which household intake of fish at the species level was measured by recall interviews over a 5-day period, once per round, with the aid of food models, cardboard models for large fish, and weighed quantities of mixed small indigenous fish species. Laboratory analyses of nutrients in fish samples Determination of the nutrient content in samples of selected, commonly consumed small indigenous fish species and large fish was carried out, with a focus on vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc. Samples of raw, whole fish; raw, cleaned fish; different parts of raw, cleaned fish; raw, edible parts (excluding plate waste); dried small indigenous fish species; and semifermented small indigenous fish species were used. Vitamin A compounds (all-trans dehydroretinol, 13- cis dehydroretinol, all-trans retinol, 13-cis retinol, and β-carotene) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [29, 30] and calcium, iron, and zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry [31] at laboratories in Denmark. Production trials Before the initiation of this project, we requested the MAEP to carry out a small production trial in which rotenone was not applied and the native fish were left. Eight ponds were studied, and the results indicated that the carp production was not hampered and there was an extra production of small indigenous fish species, which the households consumed. Based on these results, the positive perceptions of mola, information from the farmers that mola thrive in ponds, and, most importantly, the high content of vitamin A compounds in mola, we decided to focus our research activities on mola. Teaching and training The study of small indigenous fish species, including their nutritional value, has been incorporated in the B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs at the Faculty of Fisheries, BAU. In the M.Sc. program at the Department of Human Nutrition, KVL, Denmark, the importance of small indigenous fish species for food and nutrition security in Bangladesh has been incorporated in one course. Project components have formed the basis for studies and fieldwork within fisheries and human nutrition, resulting in B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. theses by students from Bangladesh and Denmark. Dissemination and collaboration Through field trials, meetings, discussions, and participation in national workshops and seminars with the rural population as well as the staff of governmental, national, and international NGOs, bilateral and UN agencies, and research institutions, primarily in the areas of agriculture and human nutrition, we have disseminated information on our research and capacity-building activities and results. We have presented our results at national, regional, and international conferences and workshops, for example, the International Congress on Nutrition and the Asian Fisheries Forum, and are often invited to give presentations in forums related to rural development and public health.