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Proximate and Major Mineral Composition of Commercially Important Marine Fishes of Bangladesh

Rubaiyath Rahman
Corresponding author
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mohammad Mamun Chowdhury
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Although fish is rich nutrient source for mass people of Bangladesh, still limited information available on the nutrient contents of edible marine fishes. This study was conducted with the aim to estimate nutrient contents of some selected major commercially important marine edible fishes Bay of Bengal. Proximate composition and mineral content of five fish species viz. Pampus chinensis, Lates calcarifer, Johnius argentatus, Harpodon nehereus, Lepturacanthus savala were determined. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and ash ranged from 78.25±0.12 to 87.3±0.15%, 7.4±0.05 to 14.5±0.13%, 1.4±0.01 to 2.21±0.10% and 1±0.03 to 2.8±0.10% and the maximum content belonged to H. nehereus, L. savala, P. chinensis, J. argentatus, L. savala respectively. The mineral profiles showed that among macro minerals potassium was abundant one followed by sodium, calcium, magnesium. Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium content ranged from 198.199±0.22 to 700.218±0.15 mg, 190.743±0.10 to 466.733±0.35 mg, 40.182±0.13 to 200.113±0.27 mg, 130.784±0.24 to 152.577±0.22 mg per 100gm and maximum amount belonged to L. calcarifer, H. nehereus, L. savala, P. chinensis respectively. Major micro mineral was Iron followed by Zinc. Iron and Zinc content varied from 2.769±0.06 to 8.603±0.66 mg, 1.130±0.03 to 2.799±0.07 mg per 100 gm with maximum amount found in P. chinensis and H. nehereus respectively. Copper, manganese, chromium, cadmium were found in very negligible amount. Cobalt and Lead was absent. The potential contribution of each species to Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for adult (>18yr), pregnant and lactating woman (PLW), infants (7 to 23 months) were calculated. P. chinensis and J. argentatus could potentially contribute ≥20% of the recommended nutrient intake of Iron and magnesium for adult, PLW and infants from a standard portion and moreover marine fish species shows good combination of protein and minerals. This study might be helpful for better nutritional achievement in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Marine fish, Proximate composition, Mineral content, Fatty acid profiles, Recommended Nutrient Intake

Location: Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2015

End Date: 00-01-2016

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Non-commodity: Credit, Business

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of five commercially important marine fish species viz. Pampus Chinensis, Lates Calcarifer, Johnius argentatus, Harpodon nehereus, and Lepturacanthus savala in terms of their proximate composition, mineral composition and fatty acid profiles and in addition to estimate their potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) during the first 1000 days of life and for infants from age 7 to 23 months.

Methodology:

Collection of Samples: Five marine fish Species (Pampus Chinensis, Lates Calcarifer, Johnius argentatus, Harpodon nehereus and Lepturacanthus savala) were collected from Fishery Ghat, Chittagong; one of the most commercial landing centers of Bangladesh during July 2015. From here marine fishes are supplied all over the country. All samples were fresh fish and caught within 0 to 36 hours after collection. All samples were immediately dipped into ice and transported in an insulated ice box to Bangladesh council of scientific and industrial research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Upon arrival at BCSIR temperature of Icebox was checked to ensure whether it is within - 4 ⁰C to 0⁰C. Total body weight and length (mean ± standard deviation) were measured for each sample. Samples were beheaded, gutted, washed and filleted. Only muscle portion was taken and homogenized as raw edible portion prior to analytical tests. The duration of this study was from July 2015 to January 2016. Moisture: Moisture content was determined according to the standard AOAC (1990) method. For which a known weight (10 ± 0.5 gm) of sample was placed in individual moisture basin and oven-dried at 105⁰C until constant weight was obtained. Crude protein: Crude protein content was determined by micro Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen content using a micro-Kjeldahl apparatus (Automatic Kjeldahl Digester, DKL 8 Series, VELP Scientifica, Italy and Kjeltec 2100, Distillation Unit, FOSS Analytical, Denmark). Crude protein was estimated by multiplying nitrogen content by 6.25. Crude lipid: This was a method that was used to determine Lipid content of fishes. Approximately 5±0.2 gm of dried sample left after moisture determination was placed individually and kept in pre-weighted conical flask was filled with 10ml of chloroform-methanol (2:1) and kept for overnight. The solution was filtered and 0.50% NaCl solution (20ml) was added and allowed to stand for 46hours. Extraction was carefully collected and was evaporated to dryness at 1050C. Total lipid content was determined gravimetrically. Carbohydrate and Energy value: Total Carbohydrate and Energy were determined by following equation. Total Carbohydrate ? 100-(Moisture + Protein +Fat +Ash) Energy value K cal/100gm ? P×4.0 Protein K cal/100gm + F×9.0 Fat K cal/100gm +C×4.0 Carbohydrate K Cal/100gm. Major Minerals Analysis: For mineral estimation, approximately 2±0.1 gm of wet sample were weighted into polypropylene screw-capped tube and 10ml of concentrated HNO₃ (65%) and 3ml of 60% perchloric acid added according to AOAC method 975.03. it was left overnight to complete digestion. Then heating at 90⁰C for 7 hours was carried out I digestion chamber. After complete of digestion, digests were filtered out into 25ml volumetric flask and made up to volume with ultra-pure water. After appropriate dilution Calcium Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Nickel were determined in an Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) with their standard solution by Thermo scientific, iCE 3000 series, USA. All chemicals and reagents used in the analysis procedure were of analytical grade and purchased from Merck (Germany), BDH (UK) Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA) Results are shown in Table as mean ± SEM.

Source of Information: IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. II (January 2018), PP 18-25; e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372.

Article Link (Online Journal): www.iosrjournals.org

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the comparison of nutritional composition of studied fish samples it is evident that marine fishes are good sources of essential nutrients especially iron, zinc, and magnesium. P. chinensis and J. argentatus is very rich in protein, energy and essential minerals whereas it may contribute significantly ≥20% of RNI and H. nehereus may fulfill ≥15% of the RNI of iron and magnesium whereas maximum zinc content was found in H. nehereus and it could fulfill ≥20% of the daily requirement of zinc for adult, PLW and infants. Total five fish species may significantly contribute >25% of the RNI of magnesium for both adult and PLW and >60% for infants. Marine fish does not exhibit calcium rich animal source diet comparison with iron, zinc, magnesium in terms of regular nutrient intake scale from a standard portion. Maximum calcium was detected in L. savala which may contribute ≥10% of RNI of calcium for three categories. L. calcarifer showed low food value compare with four other species, it may would meet ≤10% of RNI of iron, zinc, calcium, and potassium for adult and PLW. To get the knowledge of nutrient content of fish is very necessary now-a day. From this study, fishes can be chosen for getting high protein, lipid and essential mineral supplement in diet as per requirements. Thus marine fish consumption should be promoted specially among pregnant-lactating women and children so that it can be presumed that marine fish potentially contribute in makeup of nutrient demand of mother, child and malnourished population. From this study, guideline can be formulated to have better nutritional diet to maintain good health. And this guideline should be spread out among mother, child and general community for better supplementation of nutrition. The outcome of this study will help to have knowledge on nutritional security of Bangladesh and promote consumption of marine fishes.

Knowledge Management: Journal