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Duck Genetic Resources, Their Improvement and Conservation in Bangladesh: a Review

M.A. Hamid
School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur-1705, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present article addresses the scenario of duck genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances, their improvement and conservation in Bangladesh. The duck, among other poultry species available in the country, are used for meat and egg production. The duck germplasm available in the country are indigenous/native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. The native duck population is comprised of Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. The improved native such as, BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 are developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The exotic duck such as, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Jending, Muscovy, White Pekin, Cherry Valley, Thailand Black etc. are also used at farms level. The crossbred of different ducks are used in the country at different farming systems. Improvement and conservation of native duck are ongoing both in-situ and ex-situ in vivo by DLS, BLRI, BAU and also by others. The present study provided baseline information on duck germplasm of Bangladesh which could be useful for future genetic characterization, improvement and conservation.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Duck, Germplasm, Conservation

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

To address the available duck germplasm with their distributions, productive and reproductive performances along with conservation status so that the duck producers and researchers can get information for future improvement and conservation program.

Methodology:

The ducks in Bangladesh are distributed throughout the country especially in low-lying areas that are around the river, cannel, ditches, ponds and natural surface water reservoirs. Indigenous ducks are well adapted to the agro-climate conditions of the country. Duck population has been estimated at 54.016 million occupying second position in poultry in Bangladesh (DLS, 2018). Dolberg (2008) stated that, Bangladesh has the third-largest population of duck after China and Indonesia. DLS (2012) mentioned that, duck population represents 8% to 25% of the total population of chicken. There are different types of duck rearing system available in the country. It can be classified as household (scavenging), semi-intensive (semi-scavenging) and intensive farming (Khan et al., 2013). The majority of the population of duck are reared by the smallholders in coastal and low-lying areas under a scavenging system, with little or without supplementation. According to the DLS of Bangladesh, the total duck population is steadily increasing, from 45.7 million in 2013 to 54.016 million in 2018. The duck population in Bangladesh is commonly tendered for meat and egg. In nature, they are reared under the traditional systems in rural areas (FAO, 1990). In Bangladesh, there are eight government hatcheries operating to produce and distribute ducklings to duck producers all over the country, which is far below the demand, especially in the Haor basins. The production of ducklings in government hatcheries are presented in Table 2. On average, the duck and chicken ratio is 1:5 in the country. It also gives information on duck population distribution. The proportion of duck within the poultry population is high in the Barisal division (1:3), which is located in the South-west and, in Sylhet (0.69:1) located in the northeast of the country. This is due to the presence of large number of ponds and water bodies that are suitable for duck production. Similar to chicken, Bangladesh has got different types of duck germplasm and they are reared through different systems in different regions of the country. The native duck population is comprised of a number of breeds/types such as Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. in respect of the morphological variations as well as production performances. The former three native ducks are used widely at farm levels. Native ducks were probably evolved through natural selection. The domesticated ducks belongs to the genus Anas and species platyrhynchos. In Bangladesh 90 to 95% of the ducks reared by village farmers are of Deshi type, which are very poor in egg production. Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) has developed two types of native duck through long time selective breeding (Islam et al., 2014). The ducks are named as BLRI-1 and BLRI-2.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agric., 17(2): 31-42 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45292

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above discussion, it may be concluded that Bangladesh is rich in duck genetic resources. These serve well in fulfilling nutritional requirement of the country and income generation for millions of people. There is scope to improve the productivity of Indigenous duck through appropriate breeding and husbandry practices. This study represents useful resources for future study of duck genetic resources in the country.

Knowledge Management: Journal