Cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, chicken and duck as major components of farm animals in Bangladesh. Most of them are being raised in a mixed farming system integrated with crop agriculture and their biological diversity is of native origin. Cattle and chicken are the two major species of farm animals and they are being manipulated genetically either through inclusion of exotic blood and/or import of live animals and birds. Buffalo, goat, sheep and duck are also being crossed to some extent with exotic germplasms. The farm animals and their biodiversity of Bangladesh are as follows:- Cattle: The indigenous cattle are considered potential in some locality and are identified by its local name, such as Pabna cattle, Red Chittagong cattle, North Bengal Grey cattle, Munshiganj cattle and Non-descript native cattle (Hamid et al., 2017b). Mating with Bos indicus bulls started in 1936 in some localities and resulted in improved cattle in the selected areas of the country. Artificial insemination program started in 1958 and is widely extended in the country and a good number of crossbred cattle have already been added to the herd of different parts of the country (DLS, 2010). Thus, cattle population of the country consists of i) Indigenous type ii) Exotic type (Holestein, Friesian, Holestein and Friesian Holestein and Friesian, Shahiwal, Sindhi, Hariana and Jersey etc.) and iii) Crossbred type (DLS, 2010). Buffalo: The water buffaloes of Bangladesh may be grouped into types on the basis of their history of domestication, distribution and morphology. These are (i) Native buffaloes in the eastern part. (ii) Native buffaloes in the western part, (iii) Native buffaloes in the central part, (iv) Native buffaloes in the southern part and (v) Nili-Ravi breed in the Buffalo Breeding Farm at Khulna (Faruque, 2000). Goat: It is estimated that more than 90 percent of total goat population in Bangladesh is comprised of Black Bengal and the remainder being Jamunapari and their crosses (Hussain et al., 1998). Black Bengal goat has some reputed features: early sexual maturity, high prolificacy, adaptability to hot and humid environment and yields superior quality skin and meat (Amin et al., 2000, Chowdhury et al., 2002). The coat color of Black Bengal goat is not only black but black & white, brown, brown and white & white are also common in the population. Sheep: Sheep in Bangladesh are mostly indigenous non-descript type and it is sparsely distributed throughout the country. BLRI collected different native sheep germplasms from different regions of the country and it has taken step for evaluation of production and reproduction performances. In collaboration with International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya the Dept. of Animal Breeding and Genetics of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh has started the process for genetic characterization of native sheep of Bangladesh. Chicken: The chicken germplasms of Bangladesh is composed of indigenous or native type, exotic type, crossbred type and commercial hybrid. The native germplasms; such as Non-descript Deshi, Naked Neck and Hilly are the main germplasms of indigenous chicken (Bhuiyan et al., 2005). On the other hand; Aseel and Native dwarf are the rare germplasms of indigenous chicken. The non-descript Deshi chicken is more acceptable to rural people as an important source of meat and eggs (Barua and Howlider, 1990) due to lower nutritional demand and higher resistance to diseases and heat stress. Duck: Similar to chicken, Bangladesh has got different types of duck germplasm and they are reared through different systems in different regions of the country. Duck genetic resources of the country are composed of indigenous or native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. Most of the duck populations in the country are native duck like Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete, Cinahanh etc. Pigeon, Quail, and Native Guinea fowl of indigenous type is reared by the farmers and found to be popular in some regions of the country.