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Impact of Alley Cropping on Wheat Productivity

Jannatul Ferdush
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manik Mia Avenue, Dhaka

Md. Meftahul Karim
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Raihan Mujib Himel
Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimongal-3210, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Dr. Sataya Ranjan Saha
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Tofayel Ahamed
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pruned materials of two hedgerow species on wheat production and soil nutrient changes at different nitrogen levels in the research farm of the Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMARU) during November 2012 to March 2013. The design of the experiment was split plot, where two multipurpose tree species (MPTS) namely Gliricidiasepium and Leucaenaleucocephala were arranged in main plots and five different doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose) with pruned materials were distributed to sub plots. Alley widths of both tree species were 6.0 meter. There were also control plots where full dose of recommended nitrogen was applied but no pruned material (PM) was incorporated. The grain yield of wheat varied significantly by the mean effect of two tree species. The grain yield was statistically similar to Gliricidiasepium (3.63 t ha-1) and Leucaenaleucocephala (3.31 t ha-1). Interaction of effect tree species and N dose on grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield was found in N100×GS combination (3.93 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to N25×GS, N50×GS, N75×GS, N25×LL, N50×LL, N75×LL and N100×LL combinations. The lowest yield was found in N25×C (2.27 t ha-1) and N75×C (2.47 t ha-1).However growth, yield and yield contributing characters of wheat did not vary much between L. leucocephala and G. sepium.

Keywords: Wheat, Alley cropping, Pruning, Productivity, Yield

Location: Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMARU)

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Alley cropping, Wheat

Objectives:

There must be clear strategy for investment and resources accumulation in the agriculture sector to increase productivity of food crops and farm income maintaining soil fertility. Alley cropping systems is a sustainable farming system that has the potentiality to produce more food from the diminishing land resources need to be developed through maintaining crop productivity. In view of the above circumstances, a study was undertaken with the following objectives: To evaluate the productivity of wheat grown under different alley consisted with two different tree species at varying nitrogen levels.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman Agricultural University (BSMARU) research farm of the Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Gazipur during the period from November, 2012 to March, 2013. The experimental site was located at the centre of Modhupur Tract of 240 09⁰ N latitude and 900 26⁰E longitude with an elevation of 8.5 meters from sea level. The site was previously a Shal forest, which was cleaned and developed for research purpose. The experiment was set on the alley of Gliricidiasepium and Leucaenaleucocephala which were established in the upland corner of the farm.

Experimental design and treatment The experimental was laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications. Tree species were arranged in main plots and different doses of nitrogen were distributed into sub plot. Tree species used in main plots were as follows: Factor A: Two tree species with control Gliricidiasepium (G. sepium) Leucaenaleucocephala (L. leucocephala) Control (Without tree species).

Factor B: Nitrogen levels (5) N0 (zero dose of N) + Pruned materials (PM) N25 (25% of recommended N dose) + PM N50 (50% of recommended N dose) + PM N75 (75% of recommended N dose) + PM N100 (100% of recommended N dose) + PM

The alley width was 6.0 m. Every alley was divided into 15 unit plots comprising three replications and five levels of nitrogen. The unit plot length was 5 m. So, total area of a unit plot was 6m x 5m. There were control treatments which received recommended nitrogen dose but no pruned material was used for growing crops to compare the results with crop yields under alley cropping system. Urea was used as the source of different nitrogen doses.

Test crop The wheat variety BARI GOM 23 (BIJOY) was used in the experiment. The seeds were collected from the Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Collection of data The following yield and yield contributing parameters were observed: Total dry matter per square meter After harvesting sample were collected from the field and dried in the sun. Then crop samples were dried in oven. After oven drying in oven total dry matter weight were taken. Spike Length A measurement scale was used to measure the spike length in centimeter. Five randomly selected plants were taken from each plot to take average length of spike. Number of spike per square meter Five randomly selected plants were taken from each plot and average numbers of spike were counted. Thousand grain weight Thousand grain weights were measured by weighing of 1000 grains adjusted to 12% moisture content with the help of an electric balance. Grain yield The mature seeds of all plots were harvested, cleaned and dried. First plot yield was obtained in kg. Then plot yield was converted into t/ha. Straw yield After collecting grain, straw yield was obtained in kg firstly. Then plot yield was converted into t/ha.

Statistical analysis The data relating to growth yield and yield contributing characters of wheat and tree performance were subjected to analysis of variation (ANOVA) with the help of computer “MSTATC” program. Analysis of variance was done according to Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 11, Issue 2 Ver. I (February 2018), PP 17-25

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9790/2380-1102011725

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Accomplishing the present investigation, it may be concluded that: The crops grown in Gliricidiasepiumalleys showed superior performance in more or less all aspects. Yield contributing characters of wheat in regards to spike length, 1000 grain weight were found the highest at 100 % N level. Wheat can be grown successfully up to 75% reduction of N level if pruned materials are added to the soil, though 100% N plus PM treatment performed relatively better over control. With the addition of pruned material application of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced up to seventy-five percent without significant yield loss of wheat.

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