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Preliminary Yield Trial of Chickpea (2016--2017)

M. S. IQBAL
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. M. RAHMAN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. B. ANWAR
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. S. ZAMAN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. Z. RAHMAN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. J. RAHMAN
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

A. K. M. M. ALAM
Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of five chickpea genotypes along with check BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-9 for yield and yield-related traits in six locations during Rabi 2016-17. Considering mean data for both days to flower and maturity ICCV 060157-3 was found earlier. From the mean data across location check, BARI Chola-5 gave the highest pods per plant and lowest from ICCV 060157-3. The genotype BCX 01008-4 gave the highest mean seed yield followed by BCX 01008-3 whereas the genotype BCX 01008-3 was found more stable across the locations. Considering short duration, stability parameters and higher yield, three entries BCX 01008-3, BCX 01008-4 and ICCV 060157-3 were selected to evaluate in the next Rabi season under RYT.

Keywords: Chickpea, Accessions, Preliminary yield trial

Location: Ishurdi, Gazipur, Jessore, Madaripur, Barisal and Jamalpur.

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

It is necessary to evaluate the chickpea accessions in the preliminary yield trial in single or multiple locations to assess their performance across locations.

Methodology:

Five entries were grown with the check varieties BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-9 in Rabi, 2016-2017 at Ishurdi, Gazipur, Jessore, Madaripur, Barisal and Jamalpur. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications and spacing of 50 cm between rows. Each entry was sown in 6 rows of 4 m long plot. Seeds were sown on 14 to 23 November 2016 in the rows carefully by hands about 3 cm depth and then covered by soils. Post sowing irrigation was given to ensure seed germination. Mulching was done and soil crusts were broken. Each of the entries was investigated from seedling to harvest and compared with checks. At maturity, the best individual lines were selected on the basis of disease reaction, insect susceptibility and higher yield. Grain yield was recorded from the whole plot and converted into kg/ha, other yield contributing data were recorded from ten randomly selected plants. Data were analyzed using the R software computer program and only the trait yield was subjected to analysis of variance of Finlay-Wilkinson regressions and GGE biplot model of stability analysis using PB Tools. Each genotype was defined by three values: (1) mean yield overall environments, (2) the linear regression (b values) of genotype mean yield in each environment and (3) the mean square deviation from the regression for each genotype.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2016-2017, Pulses Research Centre, RARS, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Different genotypes of chickpea showed significant or nonsignificant variation among all the parameters across all the environments except in Jessore where all the genotypes showed significant variation among all the parameters. The genotype ICCV 060157-3 flowered earlier (65 days) considering the mean values of six locations whereas BARI Chola-9 took a maximum (72 days) to flower. Among the locations, most of the genotypes flowered earlier (Range: 49-58 days) in Barishal and in Jamalpur it was late (Range: 70-82 days). ICCV 060157-3 was matured earlier (108 days) considering the mean values. In the case of locations, all the genotypes comparatively matured earlier in Jessore and Barishal. Mean plant height was maximum in BCX 01008-8 (61.7 cm) and minimum in BARI Chola-5 (50.0 cm). Comparatively taller plants were observed in Ishurdi and shorter in Madaripur. The mean highest pod per plant recorded from genotype BARI Chola-5 (47) and lowest from genotype ICCV 060157-3 (37). The number of pods varied from location to location. At Ishurdi, it was maximum ranging 54-86 whereas in Madaripur it was minimum with a range of 19-30. All genotypes also showed the lowest seed weight at Madaripur and the mean highest 100- seed weight recorded from BARI Chola-9 (22.77 g) and lowest from BARI Chickpea-5 (13.14 g). The genotype BCX 01008-4 gave the highest mean seed yield (1126 kg/ha) followed by BCX 01008-3 and ICCV 060157-3 produced the lowest mean yield (852 kg/ha) across the locations. Compared to six locations, almost all the genotypes produced higher yield (Range: 1242-1575 kg/ha) in Jessore and lower yield (Range: 592-813 kg/ha) in Gazipur may be due to environmental variation. Regression coefficients ranged from 0.49 (for genotype BCX 01008-4) to 1.18 (for genotype ICCV 07105). Five genotypes had regression coefficients greater than 1.0 i.e. they were sensitive to environmental changes in respect of yield. However, two genotypes (BCX 01008-4 andBCX 01008-8) had a regression coefficient less than 1.0. These genotypes were relatively better adapted to the poor environment and were insensitive to environmental changes in respect of seed yield. Such genotypes could be recommended only for cultivation in unfavourable conditions. However, one of the promising genotypes (BCX 01008-3) having regression co-efficient closer to unity (1.04) with higher yield than the check varieties suggests that it could be recommended for cultivation under any type of environment for higher yield. Therefore, this genotype can be selected as stable over the environments. Regarding Mean Square Deviation also the genotype BCX 01008-3 possessed minimum values, therefore; this genotype is more stable across the environment. GGE biplot analysis was done to find out stable genotypes among locations (Fig. 9). GGE biplot is exploited for the graphical display of G×E pattern of yield trial data with several advantages. The yield of each cultivar in a tested environment is a result of the genotypic main effect (G), environmental main effect (E) and genotype × environment (GE) interaction in biplot analysis. GGE biplot technique separates two principal components, PC1 and PC2 which are derived from subjecting environment-Centered yield data (the yield variation due to GGE) to singular value decomposition where the horizontal axis (PC1) indicates the main effect of genotype while the vertical axis (PC2) shows the interaction of genotype and environment which is the basic criterion for judging genotypic stability (Yan et al., 2000). In this experiment, the first two PCs of the GGE model explained 92.5% of the variation in G+GE. The polygon view of the GGE-biplot analysis helps to detect genotype-by-environment interaction and possible mega environments in multi-location yield trials. Here, seven genotypes represented a polygon and the vertex genotypes corner of the polygon were BCX 01008-4, BARI Chola-5 and ICCV 060157-3. They are best in the environment lying within their respective sector in the polygon view of the GGE-biplot; thus these genotypes are considered specifically adapted i.e. most responsive genotypes. The environments fall into three quadrants while the genotypes into four quadrants. Among the tested location, Jamalpur and Ishurdi had larger environmental vectors reflecting a high capacity to discriminate the genotypes therefore these should be regarded as the most suitable to select widely adapted genotypes. Vertex genotype BARI Chola-5 performed well in Ishurdi where genotype BCX 01008-4 was best adapted to Jamalpur. Genotypes (BCX 01008-3 and BCX 01008-8) close to the origin of axes had wider adaptation i.e. most stable genotypes. In the GGE biplot, genotypes with high PC1 scores have a high mean yield, and those with low PC2 scores have stable yield across environments. Considering these, the genotypes BCX 01008-4 and BCX 01008-3 yielded higher but only BCX 01008-3 showed the best stable performances suggesting its adaptation to a wide range of environments with a higher yield.

Considering above all the stability parameters, higher yield, and disease reaction it was revealed that BCX 01008-3 showed better performance but it ranked 2^nd out of seven genotypes for yield. Again BCX 01008-4 having the highest mean yield was also suited for unfavorable environments and the genotype ICCV 060157-3 was found as the shortest duration type. Therefore, the genotypes BCX 01008-3, BCX 01008-4 and ICCV 060157-3 might be selected to evaluate in the next Rabi season in the RYT trial.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings