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Effect of Salt Stress on Chlorophyll and Proline Accumulation in Leaves of and Xylocarpus Moluccensis (lam.) M. Roem. Seedlings Regulating Its Survival and Growth

S.M. Rubaiot Abdullah*
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Mahmood Hossain
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Basubi Binti Zhilik
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Tanjit Rubaiat
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique
Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Sanjoy Saha
Center for Integrated Studies on Sundarbans (CISS), Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. and Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem. are the two most important trees of the Sundarbans. Survival and biomass increment, chlorophyll and proline concentration in leaves was investigated in seedlings of the two species grown at different levels of salinity in hydroponic culture. Seedlings were grown at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt salinities for 90 days. A significant reduction of chlorophyll concentration was found with increasing salinity for both the species. Total chlorophyll concentration halved for both the species as the salinity was increased from 0 to 35 ppt (0.34 to 0.17 mg/g for H. fomes and 0.07 to 0.03 mg/g for X. moluccensis). In addition, the H. fomes leaves have five times more chlorophyll concentration than X. moluccensis. Proline accumulation in leaves of X. moluccensis was found considerably high compared to H. fomes and increase with salinity for both the species. It was quadrapoled (254 to 1462 µmoles/g) in X. moluccensis and doubled (8 to 16 µmoles/g) in H. fomes. Seedling survival was found to vary with species and salinity levels. Survival of H. fomes seedlings decreased from 83% to 58% at 15 to 35 ppt salinity and no mortality was observed at lower salinities of 0 to 10 ppt. In contrast no mortality was observed from 0 to 25 ppt salinity in X. moluccensis seedlings and 92% seedling survived at 30 and 35 ppt salinities. Both the species showed lower biomass accumulation at higher salinities. Higher biomass increment (38 to 52%) was observed for X. moluccensis than that of H. fomes(33%) at lower salinities (0 to 5 ppt) and reduced gradually at higher salinities. This study revealed that X. moluccensis is more salt-tolerant than H. fomes considering higher survival as a result of high proline accumulation in leaves that helps to overcome salt induced negative osmotic pressure. But growth is reduced due to the lowering of chlorophyll accumulation at higher salinities for both species.

Keywords: Chlorophyll, Proline, Salinity, Heritiera fomes, Xylocarpus moluccensis

Location: Sundarbans

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soil salinity, Sundarban

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the response of H. fomes and X. moluccensis seedlings under salinity stress by means of survival, growth, chlorophyll synthesis and proline accumulation in control conditions. This information may indicate the underlying causes of species distribution in varied salinities in the Sundarbans.

Methodology:

Experiment setup: Seeds of H. fomes and X. moluccensis were collected from the Sundarbans and seedlings were raised on nursery bed of coarse sand. Six months old seedlings were taken from the nursery bed by careful washing of seedling root with minimal damage. The initial fresh weight of seedlings was taken immediately. The experiment was carried out in pot culture with full strength modified Hoagland’s solution according to Hoque et al. (2006). Each seedling was placed in a perforated plastic pot containing coarse sand. Thus, twelve pots with seedling were placed in a plastic box containing 8 litres of nutrient solution. A total of 24 boxes were prepared for each species. Salinities were maintained in every box by adding saltwater. Eight salinity levels i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,30 and 35 ppt were adopted gradually with three replications in a completely randomized design. This experiment was carried out for three months and Hoagland’s solution and salinity levels were renewed every week.

Survival and growth measurement: At the end of the experiment, surviving seedlings in each salinity treatment were counted and survival percentage was estimated. All the seedlings were harvested and their fresh weights were measured and recorded against treatments. The growth increment (in %) was estimated from the initial and final biomass of the seedlings.

Chlorophyll and proline concentration in leaves: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) extraction method of Hiscox and Israelstam (1979) was followed for chlorophyll extraction. Chlorophyll was estimated by using Arnon’s (1949) equations as follows Total Chlorophyll (g/l) = 0.0202 A663 + 0.00802 A645

Statistical analysis: Survival, biomass increment, chlorophyll and proline concentration were compared among different level of salinity treatments using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Correlation was analysed for survival, growth, chlorophyll and proline content in relation to salinity. All the analyses were performed in Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 6.12).

Source of Information: Khulna University Studies Volume 16(1 & 2): 9-17 : 2019

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects the survival and growth of mangroves. High salt stress often hinders the production of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves and hence reduces the growth of plants. Moreover, to cope with high salt concentration mangroves often produce osmolytes in their cytoplasm to avoid osmotic imbalance. The response to salt stress is not the same for all the species. Species like X.moluccensis may survive at high salinity as they produce proline in their leaves but growth can be reduced because of decreasing chlorophyll content. Conversely, high salinity may restrict H. fomes to survive due to low production of proline in leaves and severely reduce their growth by the low levels of chlorophyll synthesis.

Knowledge Management: Journal