S RAHMAN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
M T ISLAM
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
M A HOSSAIN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
Characterization, Chilli, Germplasm
Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur,
Variety and Species
Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
Qualitative data of 26 characters of the studied germplasm were observed. All the characters showed distinct variation among the germplasm except calyx margin shape and fruit persistence. The maximum variation was observed in stem colour before and after transplanting, branching habit, leaf colour, leaf shape, leaf pubescence density, corolla colour, pedicel position, fruit shape and fruit colour at an immature and mature stage. The cotyledonous leaf shape was found in ovate (7.58%) and lanceolate (92.42%), while cotyledonous leaf colours were found as green (77.26%), dark green (16.67%) and mixture coloured (6.06%). Four categories of stem colour such as green with few purple strips (65.15%), green with many purple strips (6.06%), purple (3.03%) and their mixture (25.76%) were observed before transplanting. But after transplanting it was found three categories such as green (25.76%), green with purple stripes (71.21%) and purple (3.03%). The purple colour of chilli plant indicates the presence of a high amount of anthocyanin content, which is an effective antioxidant for the human body (Moon and Shibamoto, 2009). The present study clearly noticed that in chilli plant anthocyanin content increases at maturity. For this reason, most of the stem of chilli germplasm is exhibited as purple at a mature stage. The germplasm of purple coloured stem at the immature stage was also remained purpled at the mature stage (eg, AHM-198, AHM-199). Pubescence in the plant part mostly acts as a defensive organ against pests (Novriyanti et al., 2010). Sparse, intermediate and abundant type stem pubescence was found where the majority of the germplasm exhibited abundant type (74.24%) pubescence. Branching habits determine the canopy size of the plant. All the germplasm were found dichotomously branched but their habit was found as sparse (27.27%), intermediate (43.94%) and abundant (28.79%) types. Abundant branching habits showed higher fruit-bearing. Pigmentation at node was absent in germplasm AHM-198 and AHM-199. Leaf shape exhibited as ovate and lanceolate category, where lanceolate were found in the maximum germplasm (51.52 %). The majority of the leaf exhibited a green colour (62.12%) and the rest were dark green (34.85%) and others (mixture of green and purple 3.03%). Germplasm AHM-198 and AHM-199 showed a mixture of coloured leaves. Seventy-eight per cent of the germplasm showed sparse type leaf pubescence and intermediate type (16.67%) and the rest (4.55%) were abundant types. Out of 66 germplasm only 2 germplasm namely AHM-198, AHM-199 showed pigmentation in leaves. Leaf margin found in two categories as entire (45.45%) and undulated (54.55%). The maximum germplasm exhibited a compact growth habit (53.03%). The remaining (46.97%) germplasm showed erect type. Pedicel position at anthesis found as pendant (19.70%), intermediate 956.06%) and erect (24.24%). Corolla colour of chilli germplasm exhibited as light yellow (93.94%) and white with purple margin (1.52%) and purple (4.55%). This corolla colour is related to pollen fertility. Coloured corolla provides more fertile pollen than colourless ones (Taylor and Mo, 1998). The germplasm AHM-198, AHM-199, AHM-196 showed purple coloured corolla. It might be suggested that this germplasm have high pollen fertility than the others. Pendant, semi-pendant and erect type pedicel position found in 22.73% and 46.97% and 30.30 % of the germplasm, respectively. Fruit colour observed in three types viz. green, purple, green with blackish blush. The green colour was observed in maximum germplasm at both stages. Purple fruit is found in germplasm AHM-198, AHM-199. The colour of chilli fruit is the result of a combination of pigments: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins accumulating in the fruit wall or pericarp of the fruit resulting in green, yellow, or purple fruit at physiological immature stages and yellow, red, or orange fruit at mature stages (Guzman et al., 2011). Two broad categories of fruit shapes were observed such as elongate (96.97%) and triangular (3.03%). Fruit shape near the peduncle attachment was mostly obtuse (84.85%) and the rest were acute (12.12%) and truncated (3.03%). While the fruit shape at the blossom end was found in three categories such as pointed (60.61%), blunt (37.88%) and sunken (1.52%). Neck at base of fruit was found in 60.61% of the studied germplasm. Corrugation observed in all germplasm after a cross-section of the fruits were slightly corrugated (78.19%) and intermediate (21.21%). Only two categories of seed colour were observed such as straw (50%) and brown (50%). Range, mean, standard deviation and CV% of the quantitative data of chilli are presented in Table 2. The highest quantitative variation was observed in yield per plant (92.22%) which was followed by flowering to the fruiting period (76.31%) and the number of fruits per plant (60.90%). Yield per plant ranged from 1.33 g to 104.79 g. The average yield was found at 21.35 g per plant. The highest yield per plant was found in germplasm RT-29 (104.71 g) which was followed by AHM-227 (91.23 g), RT-28 (54.94 g), AHM-259 (52.36 g) and RT-34 (51.38 g). The lowest yield per plant was found in AHM-246 (1.33 g). The number of fruits per plant ranged from 1.0 to 67.47 with an average of 17.44. The highest numbers of fruits per plant were observed in AHM-227 (67.47) which was followed by RT-29 (55) and RT-34 (50.08) and the lowest in AHM-246 (1.0). Fruit width ranged from 0.60 to 1.21 cm with an average of 0.79 cm and fruit length ranged from 2.12 to 9.56 cm with an average of 4.91 cm. The maximum fruit length was found in AHM-223 (9.56 cm) which was followed by RT-29 (8.62 cm) and the minimum was in AHM-193 (2.12 cm). Mature leaf length ranged from 4.07 cm to 10.86 cm with an average of 6.82 cm and leaf width were 1.98 to 4.62 cm with an average of 3.00 cm. The mature leaf length/width ratio determines the leaf size of chilli plants. The leaf length/width ratio ranged from 1.80 to 2.88. According to leaf length/width ratio, broad leaves were found in IAH-40 (2.88 cm) and RT-30 (2.67 cm). The taller plants were found in AHM-206 (90.74 cm) and AHM-266 (90.34 cm). Dwarf plants were found in AHM-97 (38.68 cm). Based on 50% flowering data it was evident that the early flowering germplasm was RT- 29 (21 days) and the late flowering germplasm were AHM-258 (152 days) and IAH 161 (137 Days). Similarly, 50% of fruiting data revealed that the early fruiting germplasm was RT- 29 (32 days) and the late fruiting germplasm were AHM-258 (171 days) and IAH-161 (166 days). Thus it was found that the early flowering germplasm was borne the early fruiting. The average time required from flowering to fruiting was 17 days. 1000-seed weight was found maximum in RT-28/2 (6.60 g) and the minimum in AHM-201 (2.80g), AHM-97 (2.80g) and AHM-193 (2.80g). The individual data of each germplasm.
Report/Proceedings