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Cold Survival Potentiality of Selected Rice Cultivars at Seedling Stage in Northwest Bangladesh

M.M. Haque
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

B.C. Sarker*
Department of Agricultural Chemistry; Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Mehnaj Rahman
MBA in Marketing, Department of Agribusiness Management, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

M.A.M. Sheikh
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

M.A. Hossain
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Cultivation of cold-tolerant rice genotypes is the best way to ascertain maximum possible yield in sudden low-temperature stress-prone areas. In this study the morpoho-physiological traits of rice seedlings like proline content, plant pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoid), relative water content, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, protein content, starch content and seed germination percentage of selected seven rice cultivars were investigated to screen out rice cultivar having comparatively higher surviving potentiality during low-temperature environment. The tested rice cultivars were Poshusail, Jirasail, BRRI dhan28, NERICA-4, GSR-IRRI-1, Purple rice and BRRI dhan50 (Banglamoti), cultivated in Northwest Bangladesh where chilling cold is common in winter. A significant variation was found among the studied rice cultivars regarding the investigated parameters. This study resulted that the NERICA-4 and Jirasail (a local variety) showed comparatively better potential to survive at low temperatures (below 15ºC) in Northwest Bangladesh. Rice cultivars contained an increased amount of proline, chlorophyll, protein, relative water content, starch and dry weight percentage having the highest survival potentiality in low-temperature stress conditions. Though the cultivars studied expressed morpho-physiological responses differently to low-temperature environments, the increased leaf proline content might be a reasonable indicator for responses to sudden low-temperature stress in all cultivars.

Keywords: Chlorophyll, Low temperature stress, Physiology, Proline, Rice seedling

Location: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2011

End Date: 00-02-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

If the seedling damage due to low-temperature stress could be avoided by screening out the cold tolerate rice cultivar at the seedling stage, achieving the target rice production for future food security would be possible and the efficiency of using farm resources could be improved by saving 10-20% seeds. Therefore, the present study was conducted to screen out the relatively low-temperature stress-tolerant rice cultivar(s) based on some morpho-physiological parameters.

Methodology:

Planting materials and experimental design: The study was conducted at the research field of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh located in 25.13ºN latitude and 88.23ºE longitude and at an elevation of 34.5 m above the mean sea level. The experimental field soil was the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain soil belonging to Agro Ecological Zone 1 (AEZ-1). The selected local varieties were Poshusail, Jirasail and HYV were BRRI dhan28, NERICA-4, GSR-IRRI-1, Purple rice and BRRI dhan50 (Banglamoti). The field experiment was designed following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The prevailing air temperature was recorded accordingly over the field experiment period at six hours interval, and the field experiment was lasted for 36 days during December 2011 to February 2012.

Physiological parameters: Samples for analyzing plant pigments and proline were collected from the experimental plot at four days interval and the determination of plant protein and starch content was done at 36 days after sowing. Determination of plant pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total carotenoid) content was performed by following Arnon (1949) and total chlorophyll was estimated by following Porra (2002). For proline content, about 50 mg fresh leaf samples from rice seedlings at 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 days after sowing was collected in a 2-mL eppendorf tube. Free plant proline content was estimated by following acid ninhydrin method described by Bates et al. (1973). For protein and starch determination, the aerial parts of rice seedlings were collected from each plot and oven dried at 60ºC for 72 hours. The estimation of protein content from rice seedlings was done by Kjeldahl method. The starch content of rice seedling was determined by Fehling’s solution method. The starch of sample plant parts was first simplified to glucose and total glucose content was measured. The total glucose content was then used to calculate the amount of starch present accordingly.

The estimation of relative water content (RWC) was done in last three sampling periods. For RWC, the fresh weight of leaves was taken immediately after collecting sample from the experimental field. Then the leaves were dipped in distilled water for about 6 hours to ensure full turgid or saturation condition. The leaves were blotted quickly and then the weight of the fully saturated leaves was taken. Then the leaf samples were dried in oven for 72 hours maintaining the temperature at 60ºC. After that the dry weight (fully dehydrated) of the leaves were taken. Dried leaves were weighed using digital balance (accuracy 0.0001g). The RWC measurement was carried out by following formula (Barr et al. 1962).

The germination percentage was determined at field level at the initial stage of the experiment. This was done by counting the number of germinated seed and total number of seed within a marked area. This counting was done after 10 days of first germination (DAG). The percent germination was first calculated using following formula.

% Germination = Number of germinated seeds / Total number of seeds x 100

Statistical analysis The collected data were analyzed statistically for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as described by Gomez and Gomez (1984) using the statistical computer package program MSTAT C (Russell 1986).

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 14(June 2016):62-69

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Though the cultivars studied expressed morphophysiological responses differently to the low-temperature environments, the increased leaf proline content might be a reasonable indicator for responses to sudden low-temperature stress in all cultivars. In this study, NERICA-4 rice cultivar was found enriched genetical potentiality to survive in low-temperature stress period in comparison to other six rice cultivars studied. Thus, the NERICA4 rice cultivar might solve temporarily for facing the upcoming low-temperature stress in Northwest Bangladesh. It is inferred that the genetic makeup of this rice cultivar might be incorporated into a rice cultivar using modern biotechnological tools to develop a low-temperature tolerant rice cultivar with high yielding potentiality as well.

Knowledge Management: Journal