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Research Detail

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S RAHMAN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M T ISLAM
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M A HOSSAIN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M N ISLAM
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

The experiment was conducted with 82 germplasm of chilli (Capsicum spp.) in the experimental field at Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during winter 2016-17 to find out the variability in the germplasm. Four categories of fruit shapes were observed such as elongate (80.49%), Almost round (1.22%) triangular (17.07%) and blocky (1.22%). The fruit shape at the blossom end was also found in four categories such as pointed (76.83%), blunt (18.29%), sunken (2.44%) and sunken and pointed (2.44%). Leaf shape exhibited as a deltoid, ovate and lanceolate category. Germplasm AMA-164, RAI-145 and MAH-41 showed variegated coloured leaves. Branching habit was as parse (10.98%), intermediate (63.41%) and dense (25.61%) type. The maximum germplasm exhibited as the compact plant (89.02%). Corolla colour of the germplasm exhibited as light yellow (92.68%), yellow (2.44%) and purple (4.88%). Stigma positions were found as inserted (15.85%), exserted (56.10%) and the remaining were fixed in the same level (28.05%). Fruit colour was observed in three categories (Green, deep purple and green with blackish blush) at an intermediate stage but two categories at the mature stage (light red and red). The fruit set was observed as low (48.78%) intermediate (36.59%) and high (14.63%). Fruit surface was found as smooth (2.44%), semi wrinkled (85.37%), and wrinkled (12.20%). Seed sizes were observed as small (15.85%), intermediate (79.27%), large (7.32%). Quantitatively highest variation was observed in the number of fruits per plant (CV- 118.39%) which was followed by yield per plant (CV-108.07%) and plant height (CV-44.73%). Considering all the parameter studied the germplasm AMA-37 (202.50g), AMA-128 (148.69g), AMA-73 (98.29g), RAI-259 (95.53g), AMA-240, (87.99g), AMA-349 (86.57g) and AMA-51 (76.42 g)) were found as the best yielder.

 

  Characterization, chilli, Germplasm
  Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur,
  00-00-2016
  00-00-2017
  Variety and Species
  Chilli

The present investigation was carried out to characterize indigenous chilli germplasm through qualitative and quantitative traits to provide useful information for plant breeding programs.

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during winter 2016-17. Eighty-two germplasm was used in this experiment. Direct seeding was done in the well-prepared seedbeds on 23rd October 2016. Thirty-five days aged seedlings were transplanted in the prepared pits of the main experimental field. The plot size was 3x2.1 m2. Each germplasm was planted in a plot of three rows having five pits. Row to row and plant to plant distance was 70×60 cm. Fertilizer doses were 10 ton/ha  cowdung  210 kg/ha urea, 33 kg/ha TSP, 200 kg/ha MP and 5 kg/ha Borax (Mondal et al., 2011). The full doses of Cow-dung, TSP, and Borax were applied during land preparation before one week of transplanting. Urea and MP were applied in the three equal splits at 25, 50, and 75 days after transplanting. Weeding and mulching were done four times at 20 days’ intervals starting from mid-December. The individual net was used per plot to avoid cross-pollination. Sevin 75 WP @ 0.1 g/pit, Sumithion 60 EC @ 2.5 ml/L and Vertimac 18 EC @ 1.2 ml/L were sprayed for controlling insect and mite, respectively. The data was recorded as per the descriptor developed by IPGRI, 1995. 

  Annual Research Report 2016-2017, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The maximum variation was observed in overall fruit shape and fruit shape at the blossom end. The cotyledonous leaf shape was found in ovate (47.56%) and lanceolate (52.44%), while cotyledonous leaf colour was found as green (28.05%), light green (65.85%) and purple coloured (6.10%). Three categories of stem colour such as green (10.98%), green with purple strips (86.59%) and purple (2.44%) were observed before transplanting. The purple colour of chilli plant indicates the presence of a high amount of anthocyanin content, which is an effective antioxidant for the human body (Moon &Shibamoto, 2009). The purple coloured stem germplasm was RAI-145 and MAH-41 pubescence in the extension of epidermal sells. Pubescence in the plant part mostly acts as a defensive organ against pests. Sparse, intermediate and dense type of pubescence was found where the majority of the germplasm exhibited sparse type (48.78%) pubescence. 96.34% germplasm showed purple coloured pigmentation at the nodal zone and the remaining showed green colour. Leaf shape exhibited as deltoid, ovate and lanceolate category, where lanceolate were found in the maximum germplasm (92.68 %). The majority of the germplasm exhibited green colour leaf (96.34%) and the rest were varigated (3.66%). Germplasm AMA-164, RAI-145and MAH-41showed variegated coloured leaves. About eighty-one per cent of the germplasm showed sparse type leaf pubescence and the rest were intermediate and dense type. Leaf margin found in two categories as entire (71.95%) and undulated (28.05%). Sparse (32.32%), intermediate (29.27%) and dense (37.80%) type leaf density were found among the germplasm. Similarly, branching habit was exhibited as sparse (10.98%), intermediate (63.41%) and dense (25.61%) type. The maximum germplasm exhibited as a bushy plant since 89.02% of them were in compact growth habit. The remaining germplasm showed erect (7.32%) and prostrate (3.66%). Erect type germplasm exhibited as the taller chilli plant, such as AMA-75, AMA-163, AMA-358, RAI-145, RAI-232 and RAI-258. Flower position found as a pendant (25.61%), intermediate (52.44%) and erect (21.95%). Corolla colour of the germplasm exhibited as light yellow (92.68%) yellow (2.44%) and purple (4.88%). The majority of the corolla colour is found as light yellow. The corolla colour is related to pollen fertility. Coloured corolla provides more fertile pollen than colourless ones. The germplasm AMA-163, RAI-145, MAH-40, MAH 41 showed purple coloured corolla. It might be suggested that this germplasm have high pollen fertility than the others. Anther colour is found in two categories as pale blue (39.02%) and blue (60.98%). Three types of filament colour are found in the germplasm. These were yellow (89.02%), light purple (2.44%) and purple (8.54%). Stigma positions were inserted (15.85%), exserted (56.10%) and the remaining was fixed in the same level (28.05%). The shape of the calyx margin was observed as intermediate type (95.12%) and the rests were entire. Calyx pigmentation was present in four germplasm out of 82. A hundred per cent of the germplasm had no calyx annular constriction. Anthocyanin spots of the fruits were observed in 45.12% of the germplasm and the rest have lacked. Fruit colour was observed in three categories (green, deep purple and green with blackish blush) at an intermediate stage but two categories at the mature stage (light red and red). At the immature and mature stage green (56.10%) and light red (70.73%) colour observed as the maximum. Deep purple coloured fruit was found in germplasm AMA-163, RAI-145, MAH-40 and MAH-41. The colour of chilli fruit is the result of a combination of pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins accumulating in the fruit wall or pericarp of the fruit resulting in green, yellow, or purple fruit at physiological immature stages and yellow, red, or orange fruit at mature stages (Guzman et al., 2011). The fruit set was observed as low (48.78%) intermediate (36.59%) and high (14.63%). Four categories of fruit shapes were observed as elongate (80.49%), almost round (1.22%) triangular (17.07%) and blocky (1.22%). Fruit shape near the peduncle attachment was mostly acute (62.20%) and the rest were obtuse (19.51%) and trunctate (18.29%).  The fruit shape at the blossom end was also found in four categories such as pointed (76.83%), blunt (18.29%), sunken (2.44%) and sunken and pointed (2.44%). Neck at base of fruit was found in 76.83% of the studied germplasm. Intermediate type corrugation was observed in 4.88% of the germplasm after cross-sectioned of the fruits and slightly corrugated (95.12%). Fruit surface was found as smooth (2.44%), semi wrinkled (85.37%) and wrinkled (12.20%). Only two categories of seed colour were observed such as straw (84.15%) and brown (15.85%). Seed sizes were observed as small (13.41%), intermediate (79.27%) and large (7.32%). The highest quantitative variation was observed in the number of fruits per plant which were followed by yield per plant and plant height. Stem length ranged from 1.40 cm to 7.54 cm with an average of 1.04 cm. Mature leaf length ranged from 3.48 to 8.66 cm with an average of 1.26 cm and leaf width were 1.56 to 4.76 cm with an average of 0.82 cm. The mature leaf length/width ratio determines the leaf size of chilli plants. The leaf length/width ratio ranged from 1.47 to 2.90. According to leaf length/width ratio broaden leaves were found in RAI-95 (2.90), AMA-139 (2.70), RAI-67 (2.69), and RAI-100 (2.66). Based on 50% flowering data, it was evident that the early flowering germplasm was AMA-361 (35 days) and the late flowering germplasm were MAH-40, MAH-41, AMA-23 and RAI-228 exhibited 128 days flowering period from transplanting. Similarly, 50% of fruiting data revealed that the early fruiting germplasm was AMA-335, AMA-191, AMA-112, AMA-199 and AMA-203 (58 days) and the late fruiting germplasm were RAI-228 (140 days), AHI-01 (139.00 days), MAH-42 (137 days), AMA-408 (137 days), AMA-163 (137 days), RAI-145 (137 days), MAH-38 (137 days), MAH-41 (137 days) and MAH-40 (137 days). Overall, it was found that the early flowering germplasm was borne the early fruiting. The average time required from transplanting to flowering (25.76 days) and flowering to fruiting was 26.26 days. The higher fruit length was observed in RAI-232 (10.44 cm) and the lower in AMA -248 (1.90 cm). The maximum fruit width was found in germplasm AMA-248 (1.92 cm) which was followed by AMA-128 (1.65 cm), RAI-190 (1.48 cm) and MAH-42 (1.35 cm) and the minimum was in RAI-228 (0.60 cm) and AMA-349 (0.61cm). Fruit width ranged from 0.60 to 1.92 cm with an average of 0.23 cm and fruit length ranged from 1.90 to 10.44 cm with an average of 1.45 cm. The maximum fruit weight was found in the germplasm of RAI-205 (3.84 g), MAH-39 (3.56 g) and RAI-80 (3.04). The taller plants were found in MAH-43 (108.90 cm), MAH-38 (108.72 cm), MAH-39 (103.96 cm) and AMA-74 (103.68 cm). Dwarf plants were found in AMA-118 (4.74 cm). The number of fruits per plant ranged from 1.03 to 182.93 with an average of 27.23. The highest numbers of fruits per plant were observed in germplasm AMA-37 (182.93) which was followed by AMA-128 (104.62), AMA-51 (69.17), AMA-75 (62.29), and AMA-73 (61.50) and the lowest in germplasm AMA-333 (1.03). 1000 seed weight was found maximum in AMA-325 (5.70 g), RAI-83 (5.60 g) and AMA-174 (5.60g) and the minimum in AMA-146 (1.80 g), AMA-75 (2.40 g) and AMA-118 (2.50 g). Yield per plant ranged from 0.49 g to 202.50 g. The average yield was found at 34.43 g per plant. The highest yield per plant was found in germplasm AMA-37 (202.50g) which was followed by AMA-128 (148.69g), AMA-73 (98.29g), RAI-259 (95.53g), AMA-240, (87.99g), AMA-349 (86.57g) and AMA-51 (76.42 g).  The lowest yield per plant was found in AMA-333 (0.49 g) and MAH-18 (0.77g).

 

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