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Characterization of Amaranth Germplasm (2016--2017)

T JAHAN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

R AFROZ
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To know about the genetic diversity of 42 accessions of amaranth (Amaranthus spp), an experiment was designed in the experimental field of Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI, Gazipur during 2016-17. The germplasm was classified on the basis of its use. Among them, 6 germplasm were identified as leaf amaranth and the rest 36 were stem amaranth. Amaranth was also classified as hard (14.29%), medium (4.76%) and soft (80.95%) on the basis of fiber. Qualitative variation was found in branching index, stem and leaf pubescence, leaf shape, leaf margin, terminal inflorescence shape, terminal inflorescence attitude and inflorescence density index. Different color variations were exhibited in stem (green-23.81% and pink or purple-76.19%), leaf (entire lamina purple-7.14%, margin and vein pigmented-38.10%, normal green-26.19%, more green shade on purple leaf-9.52%, more purple shade on green leaf-16.67% and light green colour-2.38%), petiole (green- 38.10%, purple- 50.0% and dark purple-11.90%), inflorescence (green-76.19%, purple-19.05% and dark purple-4.76%) and seed (brown-4.76% and black- 95.24%) colour. The maximum coefficient of variation was obtained from the length of top lateral branches (34.57%) followed by their lateral branches length (33.14%) and the terminal inflorescence lateral length (32%). The 1000 seed weight of the collected germplasm varied within 2.45 to 4.5g.

Keywords: Coefficient of variation, Germplasm, Amaranth, Characterization

Location: Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Amaranth

Objectives:

The present study is designed to study genetic diversity, identify useful traits and produce sufficient seeds of amaranth for the gene bank and research.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI, Gazipur during winter 2016-17. Forty-two germplasm of amaranth was used in this study. Line sowing was done in 3m long of 3 rows plot with two replications. Row to row distance was 50 cm and plot to plot distance was 100 cm. The seeds were sown on 05 December 2016. Chemical fertilizers such as Urea 250 kg/ha, TSP 100 kg/ha, MP 150 kg/ha, and gypsum 75 kg/ha were applied (BARC, 2012). The half quantity of Urea and all TSP, MP, and gypsum was applied during land preparation. Urea was applied in two equal installments at 20 and 40 days after sowing. Plants of one replication were isolated with a nylon net to control cross-pollination and the seeds were collected from these plants. Normal cultivation techniques and intercultural operations were followed to have a good crop. During the experiment, some insect infestations namely leaf folder and thrips were recorded as major pests of amaranth. To control the leaf folder Malathion was sprayed @ 1.5 ml/liter 3 times at 15 days intervals and for thrips control Aktara (0.25g/l) and Vertimec (1.2ml/l) were sprayed alternately at 10 days intervals for 2 times. Some plants were also damaged by footrot and the leaves of most of the germplasm were infected showing white rust symptoms. To control foot rot, Tilt 250 EC (0.05%) was sprayed surrounding the collar region and for controlling white rust, Redomil gold (0.2%) was sprayed 2 times. Data were recorded as per IBPGR descriptors for amaranth (1981).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2016-2017, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Qualitative characteristics of different accessions of amaranth have been recorded. In the beginning, the germplasm was classified on the basis of its use. Among them, 6 germplasm were identified as leaf amaranth and the rest 36 were stem amaranth. On the basis of fiber quality, amaranth was also classified as hard (14.29%), medium (4.76%), and soft (80.95%) type. Thirty-five germplasm germinated slowly and the rest 7 come out very slowly. Most of the germplasm (37) exposed erectly and the others (5) showed prostate type growth habits. Among the collected materials, only one germplasm had no branch, 6 had many branches near the base of the stem and the rest 35 germplasm had branches all along the stem. Having pubescence in the plant part mostly acts as a defensive organ against insect pests (Novriyanti et al., 2010). Most of the germplasm (97.62%) including in this experiment had conspicuous pubescence on the stem and low pubescence was observed in the lower surface of leaves (95.24%). Maximum (76.19%) germplasm showed purple or pink coloured stem and minimum (23.81%) germplasm showed green colour. Spines in leaf axils were absent in all the germplasm. All the germplasm showed different pigmented leaf such as a few had entire lamina purple or pink (7.14%), some had a leaf with pigmented margin and vein (38.10%), some exposed with normal green (26.19%), some had more green shade on the purple leaf (9.52%), more purple shade on the green leaf (16.67%) and light green colour (2.38%). Lanceolate (4.76%), elliptical (54.76%), ovatainate (35.71%), rhombic (2.38%) and oval (2.38%) leaf shapes were found among the germplasm. Leaf margin showed entire (97.62% accessions) and crenate (2.38%) phenomena among the germplasm. Rugose leaf veins were found in all accessions. Petiole pigmentation green (38.10%), purple (50%) and dark purple (11.90%) occurred among the accessions. Most (52.38%) of the germplasm showed lax types spike of terminal inflorescence shape, some general spike (10%) and the rest (23.81%) accessions were club-shaped at tips. Terminal inflorescence attitude was erect (47.62%) and drooping (52.38%). Auxiliary inflorescence was present in all the collected materials. Inflorescence density index was found such as lax (11.90%), intermediate (35.71%) and dense (52.38%). The plants of all germplasm flourished with different colour inflorescences visually, green (76.19%), purple (19.05%) and dark purple (4.76%) colour. Maximum (95.24%) germplasm produced black seed color and the rest 4.76% exhibited brown color. The seeds with opaque coats having round shapes were found in all the germplasm.

The germination period of all germplasm varied from 4 to 11. On average, the plant height was 137.68 cm. Days to 50% flowering ranged from 60 -108 days. The length and width of the leaf were 18.59 and 9.64 cm, respectively. Terminal inflorescence stalk length varied within 5.87 to 20.42 cm whereas the lateral length ranged from 0.78 to 3.10 cm. The length of auxiliary inflorescence varied from 4.93 to 16.10 cm. The maximum coefficient of variation was obtained from the length of top lateral branches (34.57%) followed by their lateral branches length (33.14%) and the terminal inflorescence lateral length (32%). The 1000 seed weight of the collected germplasm varied within 2.45 to 4.5g.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings