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Employment Patterns of Selected Ngos Participants at Farm Households in Bangladesh

F. Khanam
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

R. Y. Lucky*
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

M. G. Rabbani
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

S. Yesmin
School of Business, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

R. Akhtar
Department of Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is poor and over populated country in the world. A lot of people of this country are unemployed and underemployed. Different NGOs are working to improve the unemployment status of the people in the country. They have under taken many programs for the economic development as well as for reducing the unemployment problem of the country. Development programs have different dimensions in different political and social systems but common to all is the need to reduce unemployment, poverty and inequality with the participation of the masses. Employment of women in income-generating activities is regarded as an important element of economic development of the country. In such situation, NGOS are playing an important role in rural development by encouraging women’s’ participation with credit support in income-generating activities and wage employment. The aim of the present study was to address the patterns of employment of participants under selected NGOss in Bangladesh. For that purpose, seven upazilas from six districts were selected where the selected NGOs are working actively. The study shows that after joining the program with the credit support, a significant proportion of the participating women got involvement in income-generating activities. The sizes of family and education level were found to be directly related to the off-farm labor supply. Higher education levels had increase strong influence to labor skills and therefore, the opportunities for off-farm work. As a consequence, women participants gained substantial financial development and social status. The perception of NGO participant women was that they were benefited financially and their awareness also increased tremendously. All NGOs were successful in bringing about an impressive positive change of the participant women with respect to increase in production, savings, total income, overall technical knowledge, attitude, efficiency, improvement in health and sanitation, which had enhanced the economic well-being of their families.

Keywords: Employment, NGOs, Women participation

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Employment, NGOs

Objectives:

The smaller the farm, the higher the proportion of off-farm income required. Modernization in the rural sector has increased offfarm income opportunities for the small farmers, but in most cases these are seasonal and on a short term basis. In this study, we wanted to know the economic activities of the participants on the basis of before and after programme participation and to know the nature of off-farm employment and income of farm households under selected NGOs.

Methodology:

In order to be realistic, and considering the limitations of the research, five reputed Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs) namely PROSHIKA, BRAC, ASA, RDRS and GKF which had widespread network throughout Bangladesh. Care was taken to select the areas where the selected NGOs have intensive programme for over five years. Easy accessibility and familiarity of the researchers to the areas were also important factors. A total of 45 villages from seven upazilas considered as (namely Sadar upazila, Sadar upazila, and Fulbari, Sadar upazila, Muktagacha, Domar and Debigonj) of six districts(i.e. Rangpur, Dinajpur, Lalmonirhat, Mymensingh, Nilphamari and Panchogarh) were selected in consultation with the field-level officials. After selection of the villages in each upazila, respondents list were prepared with the help of respective NGOs area manager, credit officer, and field worker. Data of 100 (one hundred) samples from each of the NGOs from seven upazilas were collected. A total of 500 samples were selected by following a stratified random sampling procedure. The study was mainly based on a set of field level primary data collected through the direct interview with a set of questionnaires designed for the study, both tabular and statistical techniques were used to find important relationships among the relevant variables.

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 11(2013): 45-50

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The employment of women in income-generating activities is regarded as an important element of the economic development of the country. They can play vital roles in family income and thus in national.

Income. Agriculture was the main occupation of the heads of households for selected NGOs. It was found that more than 20 percent of the earning members were day laborers, petty business represented main occupation for 15, 13, 15, 2 and 19 percent of BRAC, Proshika, ASA, RDRS and GKF participant households. The findings clearly indicate that NGOs participation supported by credit facilitates had significantly expanded income earning opportunities for the poor households. Ownership of land is an important indication of the economic condition of the individual household. The main finding regarding loan distribution of NGOs played an important role in improving the economic conditions of the borrowers. After joining NGOs participants’ total farm income had increased. In case of employment pattern of farm households the non-farm activities of the respondents are higher compared to that of agricultural activities. The distribution pattern of labour of farm households between farm and offfarm work, the size of family and education level were found to be directly related to the off-farm labour supply. Higher educational levels had increased labour skills and, therefore, the opportunities for off-farm work. The increased farm income of the highest farm income group was associated with more off-farm work. The increase in operational holding had resulted in a decrease in offfarm labour supply because of excessive requirements of labour on farm with higher operational holdings. Despite participation of females in farm activities, they cannot enable the male members to provide their services to non-farm labour market which might be attributed to their participation to fulfill seasonal requirements of labour for farm practices.

Knowledge Management: Journal