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Performances of Some Weed Extracts on Pest, Yield and Quality of Litchi

B. C. Halder
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. H. Rahman*
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted at the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur, during August 2010 to July 2011 with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Solanum nigrum, Polygonum hydropiper, Convolvulus arvensis and Heliotropium indicum weeds for controlling mites and fruit borer of litchi (Variety-Madraji). Percent fruit infestation by fruit borer was higher (14.33) in control and the alcoholic extract of H. indicum showed significantly lowest level (1.0) of fruit infestation compared to control and other treatments. Except control all other treatments were very much effective in controlling litchi mites. Among the treatments, the alcoholic extract H. indicum proved significant performance on yield and quality parameters i.e. number of fruit set/panicle, number of fruit/panicle at 30 days of fruit set, number of fruit/panicle at harvest, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fresh weight of fruit (g), weight of peel (g), weight of aril (g), weight of seed (g), dry matter content of aril (%), protein content of aril (%), vitamin C content of aril (mg/100g) of litchi by protecting the infestations of mites and fruit borer. Among the different treatments, alcoholic extract H. indicum were more effective for controlling mites and fruit borer of litchi then those of other treatments.

Keywords: Litchi pests, Quality, Pests, Weed extracts, Yield

Location: Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-08-2010

End Date: 00-07-2011

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed), Litchi, Pest, Weed

Objectives:

For controlling the above-mentioned pests of litchi, growers spray chemical pesticides directly on the developing fruits which have long-term residual effects. Nowadays the use of organic agro-products for plant protection is increasing worldwide. In Bangladesh there are many perennial weeds having different organic compounds that can prevent/control the litchi mite or fruit borer. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Solanum nigrum, Polygonum hydropiper, Convolvulus arvensis, and Heliotropium Indicum extracts for controlling litchi mites and borer to increase the yield and quality of the fruit.

Methodology:

Fifteen to twenty years old litchi plants (varietyMadraji) and extracts from four perennial weeds (black nightshade-Solanum nigrum, marshpper smart weed-Polygonum hydropiper, field bindweedConvolvulus arvensis and Indian helitrope Heliotropium indicum) were used for conducting the experiment at the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur, during August 2010 to July 2011. Every tree was considered as a unit plot. As treatments aqueous and alcoholic extracts from each of the weed was used to investigate the efficacy in controlling some major pests of litchi. Litchi trees were made ready for conducting an investigation by good management practices like irrigation, fertilization etc. The field experiment was conducted on litchi trees (15-20 years old) using RCBD with three replications. There were nine treatments including control. So, 27(9×3) litchi trees were needed for conducting the study. The treatments were T1= Control, T2= Solanum nigrum extract in aquous solution, T3= Solanum nigrum extract in alcoholic solution, T4= Polygonum hydropiper extract in aquous solution, T5= Polygonum hydropiper extract in alcoholic solution, T6= Convolvulus arvensis extract in aquous solution, T7= Convolvulus arvensis extract in alcoholic solution, T8= Heliotropium indicum extract in aquous solution and T9= Heliotropium indicum extract in alcoholic solution.

The collected data were Number of leaves/shoot infested by mite, Number of fruit set/panicle, Number fruit retention/panicle at 30 days of fruit set, number of fruit/panicle at harvest, number of fruit infested by fruit borer (%), length of fruit (cm), breath of fruit (cm), weight of fresh fruit (g), weight of peel (g), Weight of aril (g), weight of seed (without aril) (g), dry matter content of aril (%), protein content of aril (%), vitamin C content of aril (mg/100g). Protein content of aril was determined by multiplying the total nitrogen by 6.25. The total N of the oven-dried samples was determined by improved Kjeldhal method as outlined by AOAC (1966).

Vitamin C content of aril was estimated by visual titration method using metaphosphoric acid and indophenols reagent. Protein and Vitamin C content of aril were determined at Agricultural chemistry laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The treatment means were compared using Duncun’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance (Gomez and Gomez 1984).

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 11(June 2013): 68-72

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Percent fruit infestation by fruit borer was higher in control and the alcoholic extract of H. indicum showed significantly lowest level of fruit infestation compared to control and other treatments. Except control all other treatments were very much effective in controlling litchi mites. Among the treatments, the alcoholic extract H. indicum proved significant performance on yield and quality parameters of litchi fruits. Among the different treatments alcoholic extract of H. indicum was more effective for controlling mites and fruit borer of litchi than those of other treatments.

Knowledge Management: Journal