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Combining Ability Analysis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of Groundnut

M. K. Alam*
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

U. K. Nath
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. A. K. Azad
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. A. Alam
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

A. A. Khan
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A 10x10 diallel experiment was conducted on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to ascertain the genetic mechanism of yield and its related traits. The observations were recorded on no. of pod/plant, no. primary branch/plant, plant height (cm), harvest index (%), 100 pod weight (gm), 100 kernel weight (g), pod index (%), disease incidence (%) and yield/plot (g). The analysis of combining ability suggested that both additive and non additive gene actions were involved in the genetic system. The GCA: SCA ratio was more than one found in no. of pod/plant, plant height (cm), harvest index (%), 100 pod weight (g), pod index (%), disease incidence (%) and yield/plot (g). It indicates preponderant additive gene action for controlling those traits. However, primary branches plant-1 and 100 kernel weight were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action. Ranking of the parents on GCA performance for nine characters indicated that the parent P4 (J?87015-SL-1) was the best general combiner for harvest index (%), 100 pod weight (g) and yield /plot (g) and that of hybrids on SCA performance suggested that the F1 (P3×P5) was the best specific combiner for plant height (cm) and F1 (P3×P4) for disease incidence and yield/plot (g).

Keywords: Combining ability, Groundnut, Specific combining ability, Yield

Location: Plant Breeding Division, Oil seed Research Center, Regional Agricultural research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

Wynne and Coffelt (1983) pointed out that despite the availability of methods for characterizing the genetic variability in self-fertilizing species; little information has been obtained on the various types of gene action and their relative importance in the inheritance of important traits in peanuts. This study were conducted to measure the magnitude of GCA and SCA mean squares and effects for some quantitative traits in peanut and to evaluate the breeding potential of the population.

Methodology:

Among the ten groundnut genotypes; two genotypes are tolerant, two genotypes are susceptible and the rest of them are moderate tolerant to cercospora leaf spot. Ten cultivars were crossed in diallel, excluding reciprocal to get 45 F1 hybrids. Selfed seeds of the plants used as parents were also obtained for the ten parental cultivars. Hybrid seeds of the 45 crosses together with the selfed seeds of parental cultivars were planted in the field during the 2010-2011 using as randomized complete block design with three replications. Plot size was (1m×0.80m). Plants were spaced at 20cm within each row. The experimental area was thoroughly prepared and appropriate cultural management practices such as weeding, cultivation, Fertilizers were applied at the recommended dose following BARC fertilizer recommendation guide (2005). The whole amount of Urea 44 kg/ha, TSP 178 kg/ha, MOP 138 kg/ha and Gypsum 111 kg/ha were applied at the time of final land preparation, artificial inoculation spraying @ 15,000 conidia per ml using hand sprayer and irrigation were equally applied to all plots. The following measurements were taken for each of the 45 F1 genotypes and ten parental cultivars in each replication. Number of pod/plant, number of primary branch/plant, plant height (cm), harvest index (%), 100 pod weight (gm), 100 kernel weight(gm), pod index (%), disease incidence (%) and yield / plot(gm). The replicated data on different characters were subjected to the preliminary ANOVA using for RCBD design. ANOVA, Mean and range were calculated by computer using MSTATC software. The data were then analyzed for combining ability.

For the genetic analysis of diallel cross, data were subjected to analyse by Griffing’s (1956). An understanding of general and specific combining ability and the genetic system controlling important traits of groundnut were thus attempted. Griffing’s (1956) method 2, Model 1 (Fixed effects model) was used for combining ability analysis for each of the trait. In model 1, the experimental materials are regarded as the population about which inferences are to be made. Presuming when reciprocal differences were absent or negligible then following the method 2.

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 11(2013): 106-111

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Additive gene effects were found covering the inheritance of no. of pod/plant, plant height, harvest index, 100 pod weight, pod index, disease incidence and yield/plot. Nonadditive gene effects were not important for this trait. P4 (J×87015-SL-1) proved to be the best general combiner for harvest index, 100 pod weight and yield/plot. Other genotype P1 (Dacca-1) was also found good combiner for 100 kernel weight and yield/plot. The highest SCA effect was obtained in the cross (P3×P4) which was the best specific combiner for the lowest diseases infection and the highest yield/plot and yield components and may be utilized in hybrid seed production.

Knowledge Management: Journal