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Impact of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (eus) on the Biodiversity of Nandus Nandus and Puntius Sophore in Beel Fisheries of Bangladesh

M Tanvir Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

M Rafiqur Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M Kamruzzaman Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

M Arif Hossain
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

Al-Minan Noor
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

M Mezanur Rahman
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

Salma Begum
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out for a period of eleven months from March 2012 to January 2013 in order to observe the effect of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) on the biodiversity status of Nandus nandus and Puntius sophore in two beels of Kailla and Dighli are situated in Ishwargonj upazilla of Mymensingh district. All the water quality parameters were within the suitable range during the experimental period except temperature and hardness. Fishes were examined clinically and histopathologically. By clinically examined, it was observed that fishes were more affected from October to January having red spots, ulcer, scale loss and fin rot. Almost normal in appearance was observed during the months from March to October in fishes of both the beels under clinical and histopathological observations. Marked pathological changes like fungal granuloma, necrosis, haemorrhages, vacuums, fat droplets, pyknosis and hyperplasia were observed in the months of November, December and January. Fungal granuloma was observed in skin, muscle and kidney of N. nandus and only in skin and muscle of P. sophore. In FGD, fishermen of both the beels mentioned that EUS was the most significant disease especially during the colder months i.e., November, December and January. Fishermen could easily recognize EUS clinically and according to them the disease accounts about 80-90% in Kailla beel and 75-80% in Dighli beel. Moreover, in histopathological observation, it could be mentioned from farmers opinion (FGD) that diseases especially EUS has significant effect on the reduction of SIS (small indigenous species) from open water bodies of both the beels. According to fishermen opinion, some SIS were reduced to almost half in comparison to a decade ago in both the beels.

Keywords: EUS, Biodiversity, Nandus nandus, Puntius sophore, Beel

Location: Two beels of Kailla and Dighli are situated in Ishwargonj upazilla of Mymensingh district.

Start Date: 00-03-2012

End Date: 00-01-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Fish

Objectives:

It is thus important to know the cause of reduction of SIS especially from disease point of view. The present investigation is aimed at the observation of the impact of EUS on the biodiversity of small indigenous species like Puntius sophore and Nandus nandus from two beels of the region through clinical, histopathological and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted for a period of eleven months from March 2012 to January 2013. Fishes were collected from Kailla beel and Dighli beel situated in Ishwargonj Upazilla of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Fish samples were collected from the selected fishermen of the nearest markets (Bharati Bazar and Shakoa Konapara bazaar) of Kailla beel and Dighli beel. To collect the data, the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tool such as focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with the fishermen of both the beels. Two small indigenous fishes such as Nandus nandus and Puntius sophore were collected from the mentioned fish markets of both the beels and studied once in a month during the experimental period. Fishes were collected and immediately carried to the Fish Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Each species of fish was transported by separate plastic buckets filled with water. Four fishes from each species were randomly selected for investigation. Water quality parameters like water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammoniun and hardness were recorded from both the beels once in a month between 09.00 to 10.00 hrs. The sampled fishes were examined just after taking out of the container to observe external symptoms and record any injury, infection and other abnormal conditions of fish body. For histopathological observations, samples of fish from various organs such as skin, muscle, liver, gill and kidney were collected by a sharp scalpel and forceps and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After 8 hours of fixation, the fixed samples were taken out, trimmed and placed separately in a perforated plastic holder, which was covered by perforated steel plates. The samples were then dehydrated, cleared and infiltrated in an automatic tissue processor (SHANDON, CITADEL 1000) through alcoholic series of higher concentrations, xylene and paraffin wax. The samples were then embedded with melted wax, steel mold and perforated plastic holder. The blocks were then kept in the deep freeze for 30 minutes. Sections were taken from the blocks at a thickness of 5 micrometers by using a microtome (Leica JUNG RM 2035). Suitable sections were selected and placed over glass slides. The glass slides were then labeled with a diamond marker and kept on a plate (photoxdishwarmer 2) at 40 °C for 8 hours to fix the sections properly with the slides. The sections were then stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains proceeding through various chemicals of different concentrations and time schedule. After staining the sections were mounted with Canada balsam and covered by cover slips. The prepared sections were examined under a compound microscope (Olympus). Photomicrograph of the stained sections was obtained by using a photomicroscope (OLYMPUS, Model CHS, Japan). Pathology and diseases will be identified through microscopic observation, photographic view and presence of pathogen.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2017; 5(6): 376-382

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Aquaculture activities in Bangladesh are predominantly pond-based. But the present study was conducted to know the impact of EUS on small species i.e. N. nandus and P. sophore of beel fisheries in Bangladesh. According to the farmer’s opinion, indigenous small species of beel areas are the most susceptible to EUS in winter season. Among them, N. nandus and P. sophore were found having severe clinical signs. In addition, clinical and histopathological studies were carried out to examine disease status of sampled fish. Massive pathological changes were found in the organs of them compared to the other species. As a result, small indigenous species gradually decreased from the open water bodies by affecting the EUS. So it can be concluded that N. nandus and P. sophore were more affected by EUS than other species in beel areas of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal