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Analytical Characterization and Microbial Studies of Muscle Lipid of Indian Threadfin (polynemus Indicus) of the Bay of Bengal

Farjana Jahan
Department of Allied Sciences; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology (FSET); University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC); Chittagong 4202; Bangladesh

Mohammad Helal Uddin
Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Jewel Das
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Lipid was extracted from the muscle of Indian threadfin (Polynemus indicus) by solvent extraction method and then purified. Various physico-chemical properties of the lipid sample including cholesterol content were determined and compared with other standard fats and oils. Fatty acid composition of the lipid sample was investigated by Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) examination. Gas Liquid Chromatographic (GLC) examination was performed by the methyl esters mixture prepared from the lipid sample for the quantification of fatty acids. The lipid-containing selected muscle was analyzed quantitatively for the determination of percentages of protein and mineral (N, P, K, Ca, and Na). The muscle was also analyzed for determining the amount of several metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. Microbial activities (bacterial activity against nine bacteria and fungal activity against seven fungi) of the lipid were studied by standard procedures.

Keywords: Polynemus indicus, Lipid, GLC, Metal analysis, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Fish nutrition

Location: Bay of Bengal

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sea fish

Objectives:

Indian threadfin may contain pharmaceutically important and physiologically active essential fatty acids (ω-3 and other PUFA’s) in their body. In the current study, the lipid and fatty acids of the muscle of Indian threadfin (Polynemus indicus) was analyzed with a view to exploring the possibilities of commercial utilization of this highly available species as a source of marine oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 series. The lipid sample was also evaluated in terms of biological activities (bacterial and fungal activities) for pharmacological aspects. If proper measure is taken to analyze the muscle lipid of title fish it may have great industrial, pharmaceutical and nutritional uses. It was thus our objective to extract the lipid from the muscle of Indian threadfin and to investigate fatty acid pattern and properties.

Methodology:

The export quality title fish Indian threadfin (Polynemus indicus) was collected from the local fish market in marine city Chittagong which is a major coastal seaport (22°22'0″N 91°48'0″E) and financial centre in southeastern Bangladesh. The specimen was identified jointly in the Institute of Marine Sciences & Fisheries and Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong. After then the fish was preserved in deep freezer for a few days.

The selected Muscle was separated and preserved until extraction and further chemical investigation. Oil extraction from the muscle of fish was carried out by using Bligh and Dyer method. The combined extract was recovered with a rotary evaporator at 45°C. To obtain lipid this extract was dried under flushing with a slow stream of nitrogen gas for the removal of residual solvent. Analytical grade chemicals and reagents were used. Solutions were prepared according to the standard procedures. The amount of total lipid was determined gravimetrically. Moisture content, fibre content, ash content and protein content of the de-oiled muscle of Indian threadfin were determined by standard methods. A weight portion of the muscle of Indian threadfin was first dried in an oven at about 100-105 °C for 4-5 hours to remove moisture and then burnt into ash in a muffle furnace at about 600 °C for 4 hours. The refractive index of the lipid sample was determined by Abbe refractometer (Model; DTM-1 Atago Co. Ltd). The specific gravity of the lipid sample was determined by Specific Gravity Bottle. The viscosity of the lipid sample was determined by Ostwald’s viscometer at 30 °C. Saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value and percentage of free fatty acid (as oleic acid), ester value, iodine value, acetyl value, peroxide value, thiocyanogen value, Titre value, Richert-Meissl value and Polenske value, Henher value, Kirschner value, Elaiden test result and quantity of unsaponifiable matter of the muscle lipid of Indian threadfin were determined by standard methods. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) investigation of the fatty acids present in the lipid sample was carried out in various solvent systems. Fatty acid composition of lipid sample was quantified by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Cholesterol of the sample was determined with the standard method. By applying the standard methods, percentages of minerals (N, P, K, Ca and Na) of lipid containing muscle were determined. For analysis of metal content of muscle of the fish, the sample solution was prepared by using wet-digestion method and was stored in a refrigerator until analysis. An exactly similar blank solution of 100 ml was prepared for the test. For determining the presence and amount of metals in the fish sample, an Atomic Absorption flame emission spectrophotometer (Thermoscientific ICE 3000 series) was used . For the study of antibacterial activities, the disc diffusion method was followed. The antifungal activity was assessed by food poison technique.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(5): 393-398

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study physico-chemical characterization and microbial studies of muscle lipid of Indian threadfin (Polynemus indicus) was performed. The presence of moderate amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid sample was confirmed by R.I., S.V., I.V. and T.V. Low content of volatile water-soluble and volatile water-insoluble fatty acids was established by R.M.V. and P.V. Low free hydroxyl group content was confirmed by the acetyl value of the lipid sample. Percentage of F.F.A. validated the suitability of the oil for edible purpose. The nondrying nature of the muscle lipid of Indian threadfin was pointed out by I.V. and confirmed by Elaiden test. Chromatographic examinations (TLC and GLC) substantiated the presence of some important fatty acids in the lipid sample. It can be said that the levels of metals in the fish sample are below the limit for fish proposed by World Health Organization and safe within the limits for human consumption in the edible part of the studied fish. However, antimicrobial screening results could not provide us with any decisive conclusion.

Knowledge Management: Journal