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Effect of Dietary Protein Level on the Growth of Giant Freshwater Prawn (macrobrachium Rosenbergii) and Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus) Under Polyculture System in Northern Bangladesh

Nazia Sultana
Department of Fisheries, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Akhtar Hossain
Professor
Department of Fisheries, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Selim Reza
Junior Specialist
Agricultural and Fisheries Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary protein on the growth of Golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds for a period of 4 months under three treatments of dietary protein levels viz. T1: 20% protein level (commercial feed), T2: 25% protein level (home made feed) and T3: 30% Protein level (commercial feed) each with three replications. Prawn and tilapia were stocked @ 19760 individuals/ha and 4940 individuals/ha with mean initial stocking weight of 2.66±0.08g and 36.78±3.25g respectively. Water quality parameters (water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, NH3-N and alkalinity) were monitored fortnightly and growth parameters were monitored monthly. Except transparency, treatments did not vary significantly for the mean water quality parameters. Significant differences were found for the growth parameters among the treatments except for the mean weight gain (monthly) and the specific growth rate (SGR). Significantly highest yield was recorded from treatment T3 where the fishes were fed with a commercial feed having 30% protein level. Duncan’s multiple range test showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) specific growth rate (3.05% and 3.06%), survival rate (74.50% and 96%) in prawn and tilapia respectively fed with 30% protein rich feed (T3).In calculation of economics, significantly higher total return, net benefit and cost-benefit ratio (CBR) were also recorded with the treatment T3. Better performances in production and economics with treatment T3 indicates that prawn and tilapia farming fed with 30% protein-rich feed is more profitable in pond condition of northern Bangladesh.

Keywords: Polyculture, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Oreochromis niloticus, Protein level, Economics

Location: Nine experimental ponds of the Fisheries Department under Rajshahi University

Start Date: 00-09-2010

End Date: 00-12-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Protein, Prawn, Tilapia

Objectives:

Rationalization of stocking density, species composition and supplementary feeding of prawn with carps and tilapia has been examined out by several researchers in northern part as well as other parts of the country. But no study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of different protein level on prawn-tilapia polyculture. Thus, the present work has been designed to evaluate effect of varying levels of protein on the growth and economics of mixed culture of M. rosenbergii and tilapia (O. niloticus) in pond condition of northern Bangladesh.

Methodology:

2.1 Time and study site The study was conducted in nine experimental ponds of the Fisheries Department under Rajshahi University for a period of 4 months (September 2010 to December 2010). The ponds were rectangular in shape with an average area of about 0.002 ha and average depth of one meter.

2.2 Experimental design: The experiment was conducted in nine ponds with three treatments of dietary protein levels (T1: 20% protein level (commercial feed); T2: 25% protein level (home made feed: rice bran 35%, fish meal 25%, oil cake 25% and wheat flour 15% as binder) and T3: 30% Protein level (factory feed) (Foysal Agro Fisheries Feed Limited- a local feed company) each with three replications.

2.3 Pond preparation, stocking and post-stocking management Lime (Calcium Carbonate) was applied at the rate of 247kg/ha after removal of aquatic weeds and unwanted species. All the ponds were fertilized with cow dung (2470kg/ha,) Urea (50kg/ha,) and TSP (50kg/ha) 7 days before stocking as basal dose. Shelters in the form of branches of bamboo tree were also provided in the ponds for prawn before stocking. After one week of basal fertilization, all the ponds were stocked with tilapia fingerlings @ 4940 individuals/ha in the morning and prawn juveniles @ 19760 individuals/ha in the evening. The mean initial stocking weight of prawn and tilapia was 2.66g and 36.78g respectively. Supplementary feeds were provided in all ponds with the help of feeding trays. The supplementary feed was supplied for prawn at the rate of 5% body weight of prawn at the first 1 month and then gradually reduced to 4% at the 2nd month and 3% at the 3rd and 4th at the end of the trial. The feeding was provided twice daily to all the treatments. After stocking all the ponds were fertilized with cow dung (50kg/ha), Urea (1.25kg/ha) and TSP (1.25kg/ha) as daily basis.

2.4 Sampling The physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature, transparency, dissolve oxygen (DO), pH, NH3-N and alkalinity were recorded fortnightly (9.00 am to 10.00 am) by using water testing kit (HACH kit, FF-2, USA). Sampling for the growth performance of prawn and tilapia were done as a monthly basis. At least 10% of the stocked prawn and tilapia were caught from each pond for the study of growth performance. Length and weight of the sampled fishes and prawn were measured using scale and digital electronic balance (OHAUS, MODEL no.CT-1200-5). Weight gain was calculated by deducting the initial weight from the final weight and it was expressed as g. Final weight was taken at the time of harvest and was also expressed as g. Specific growth (SGR, bwd-1) Cook et al. [9] was calculated as follows: [Ln (final weight) – Ln (initial weight)] /culture period (day) × 100 Survival rate was calculated on the basis of total number of fish and prawn during harvesting and it was expressed as percentage. Yield was calculated by deducting biomass at stock from biomass at harvest and it was expressed as kg/ha.

2.5 Analytical methods and statistical analysis In case of protein analysis of homemade feed, Kjeldahl methods were used in laboratory. The proximate composition of the diet ingredients and experimental diets were analyzed according to AOAC. All the collected data were analyzed statistically to show the results as mean value with standard error through ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) using the computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science; version 17). Significance was assigned at the 0.05% level. The mean values were also compared to see the significant difference through DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) after Gomez and Gomez.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(5): 472-476

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Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, it can be stated that better performances in production and economics with treatment T3 indicated that prawn and tilapia farming fed with 30% protein-rich feed was more profitable than others in pond condition and may be practiced in Bangladesh aquaculture conditions for an optimum yielding crop in Tilapia -prawn polyculture system.

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