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Heavy Metal Concentration and Its Toxicity Assessment in Some Market Fishes of Dhaka City

A Hossain
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka1000 Bangladesh

MM Rahman
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000.

B Saha
Biological Research Division, Dhaka Laboratories, BCSIR, Dhaka -1205 Bangladesh.

M Moniruzzaman
Biological Research Division, Dhaka Laboratories, BCSIR, Dhaka -1205 Bangladesh.

M Begum
Biological Research Division, Dhaka Laboratories, BCSIR, Dhaka -1205 Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In the present study, concentration of some bio-accumulated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn and Pb) in four farm raised species of fishes, namely Pangasius hypophthalmus, Anabas testudineus, Oreochromis niloticus and Wallago attu were investigated collecting from different markets of Dhaka city. Among the six heavy metals tested, Fe was maximally accumulated, followed by Ni, Mn, Cr and Cd in flesh and liver of fishes. The concentration of Pb was below the detectable level (BDL) in all fishes. The overall highest concentration (mg/kg) of metals in flesh of all examined fishes were- Cd (0.775 mg/kg) and Cr (12.675 mg/kg) in A. testudineus, Ni (221.792 mg/kg), Fe (331.050 mg/kg) and Mn (17.842 mg/kg) in O. niloticus respectively. In liver, the highest concentration of five heavy metals were- Cd (1.433 mg/kg) and Cr (51.590 mg/kg) in O. niloticus, Ni (278.966 mg/kg) in W. attu, Fe (666.262 mg/kg) in O. niloticus and Mn (50.317 mg/kg) in A. testudineus. The values of all selected metals in fish samples considerably exceeded the maximum permissible limits of heavy metals for fish tissues as prescribed by various international agencies (FAO, WHO and IAEA) which indicate the acute heavy metal contamination in studied fishes. Therefore, the biological monitoring of the water and fish for heavy metal contamination should be done regularly and necessary steps must be taken to mitigate this contamination considering the human health safety issues.

Keywords: Heavy metals. Toxicity test, Market fishes

Location: Fisheries Laboratory, Department Zoology, and University of Dhaka and at the Soil Agronomy and Environment Laboratory of BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal, Fish Market

Objectives:

The specific objectives of the present study were -1. To determine the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in fish from three markets of Dhaka city. 2. To identify the level of heavy metals accumulated in flesh and liver of fish frequently consumed by the city dwellers. 3. To detect the level of toxicity due to higher concentration in selected fishes. 4. To determine the prevalence of chemical hazards caused by heavy metals in farmed fish. 5. To assess the risks associated with farmed fish addressing human health safety issues regarding the fish consumption.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted jointly at the Fisheries Laboratory, Department Zoology, and University of Dhaka and at the Soil Agronomy and Environment Laboratory of BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh (a South Asian Country) following standard methods as laid down in APHA, AWWA, WPCF using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples from each of the four species (Pangasius hypophthalmus, Anabas testudineous, Oreochromis niloticus and Wallago attu) were collected from three markets viz. Hatirpool Bazar, Ananda Bazar, Kathalbagan Bazar on monthly basis for half a year from January, 2013 to June, 2013. Fish samples of uniform size were collected into icebox, from three different bazaars, and taken to the laboratory at the same days, cleaned with sterile distilled water and then dissected. Samples (flesh and liver) were taken from fish for digestion method. The digests prepared in triplicate with blank digestion to quantify possible contamination during sample preparation and analysis. The diluted digests of samples of flesh and liver of selected fish were analyzed for Pb Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe and Mn, with flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Model AA-7000F) equipped with dual background correction system using aqueous calibration standards prepared from standard solutions of the respective elements. The final concentration of each heavy metal was estimated multiplying the actual concentration of machine reading with the primary dilution factor. All statistical analyses were performed using a statistical software namely SPSS (version 15).

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(3): 523-527

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

When considering the heavy metals concentrations in fish species, the most important aspect is their toxicity to humans suitable for human consumption. The results of this study showed that extreme higher concentrations of heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd) in selected market fish of Dhaka city. The results revealed that frequently consumed fishes are harmful to consumers because observed values of heavy metals were higher (2-100 times) than the permissible limits issued by FAO/WHO/IAEA for human consumption. So, it is a matter of concern in fish accumulation. As the fish is one of the main protein sources to diet of human, it is necessary that biological monitoring of the water and fish meant for consumption should be done regularly. Laws enacted to protect our environment should be enforced. More intensive study is needed in order to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from the different markets of Dhaka city. Further study on accumulation of other heavy metals (Hg, Zn, As, Cu etc.) organochlorine pesticides, and other toxins in fish tissues should be undertaken considering human health safety issues in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal