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Biochemical Compositions of Newly Introduced Maize (zea Mays L .) Varieties

A. Hossain
Department of Biochemistry, SAU, Dhaka-1207

M. Shahjahan
Postharvest Technology Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

K.U. Ahmed
Department of Biochemistry, SAU, Dhaka-1207

M.G.F. Chowdhury
Postharvest Technology Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M.M. Nuruddin
Department of Biochemistry, SAU, Dhaka-1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out during the period from June 2006 to March 2007 in the laboratory of Post Harvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur and Biochemistry laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. Twelve varieties of maize seeds were evaluated for their nutrition contents. The analysis represents that Pacific 983 showed the significantly highest thousand-grain weight (363.1g) with the lowest amount of carbohydrate (58.86%) among the selected varieties. Pacific 60 showed the significantly lowest amount of moisture (7.12%) and ash (1.0%). BARI Hybrid Maize 2 showed the significantly highest amount of protein (13.54%) and its in vitro digestibility was 87.20%, fibre (1.53%), starch (58.49%) and oil (2.86%) among the varieties. BARI maize 7 showed significantly the highest amount of carbohydrate (66.99%) which was followed by BARI Hybrid Maize 2 (66.63%) but it showed the lowest amount of oil (2.10%). Among the varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize 3 contained the lowest amount of starch (47.43%). Hybrid Maize 3 and Khoibhutta showed the significantly highest amount of total sugar (10.96%) and reducing sugar (1.29%) respectively on the other hand khoibhutta and Bornali contained the lowest amount of protein (10.20%) and BARI Maize 5 showed the lowest digestibility(61.72 %).

Keywords: Biochemical composition, In vitro protein digestibility, Zea mays

Location: In the laboratory of Post Harvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur and Biochemistry laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka.

Start Date: 00-06-2006

End Date: 00-03-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

Every year a big portion of maize imported to minimize the increasing demand as feed and food. Farmers are also cultivating different varieties to fullfil this purpose. If maize is consumed like rice and wheat as the source of carbohydrate then the increasing pressure on rice and wheat production will decrease. Since maize can play an important role in human nutrition then the study was under taken to investigate the various biochemical composition of different varieties of maize.

Methodology:

Storage seeds of twelve maize varieties (Zea mays) namely Barnali, Shuvra, Khoibhutta, Mohar, BARI Maize 5, BARI Maize 6, BARI Maize 7, BARI Hybrid Maize 2, BARI Hybrid Maize 3 and Pacific 11, Pacific 60, Pacific 983 were selected for the study. The studies on different parametersseed weight, moisture, ash, fibre were carried out in triplicate. Moisture content of maize flour sample was determined by drying in an oven at 100⁰C for overnight. Ash was determined at 600 ⁰C to burn off all organic material. Crude fiber was determined according to the AOAC methods (2004). The crude fiber method essentially determines the cellulose and lignin content. The total sugar and starch content in maize were determined colorimetrically based on the method of McCready et al. (1950). The reducing sugar content was determined by dinitro salicylic acid method as described by Borel et al. (1952). Fat was analyzed by the Soxhlet Extraction method as described in AOAC (2004). The protein content of food stuff is obtained by estimating the nitrogen content of the material and multiplying the nitrogen value by 6.25 (according to the fact that nitrogen constitutes on average 16% of a protein molecule). The estimation of nitrogen is done by Kjeldhal method (Peter 1932). The digestibility of cereal protein was determined by the method of Akeson and Stahmann (1964). In this method protein is digested by pepsin, followed by pancreatin.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Technol. (Dinajpur) Vol. 8: 177-182 (2010) ISSN 1994-0386

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this initial scale research we can concluded that aamong the selected varieties BARI hybrid maize 2 and BARI Maize 7 might be considered as an alternative of wheat and rice as the source of carbohydrate and protein, which might help to reduce the increasing demand of rice and wheat. We should encourage the farmer’s for cultivation of BARI hybrid maize 2 and BARI maize 7 instead of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal