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Characterization of Ash Gourd Germplasm (2019--2020)

M F KHATUN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

R A CHHANDA
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M S UDDIN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

S RAHMAN
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M SHAMSUNNAHAR
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M N ISLAM
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) is an under-exploited but important summer vegetable crop in which genetic diversity. The study was executed in the experimental field at the Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the Kharif season 2019-20 to access the genetic diversity of the collected germplasm. 100 ash gourd germplasm was used in this experiment. Out of them, 80 germplasm were germinated. After transplanting 12 germplasm were damaged. So existing was 58 accessions. All the germplasm were collected in the different areas of Bangladesh. Germplasm was varied for different qualitative and quantitative characters. Qualitative variation was found in early plant vigour, leaf size, fruit shape, mature fruit skin colour and fruit skin lustre. The highest coefficient of variation was found in germination percentage (56.57%) which was followed by the number of fruit plant^-1 (45.83%). The lowest coefficient of variation was obtained in days to 1^st female flower (13.06%) which was followed by fruit breadth (14.34 cm) and petiole length (15.03 cm).

Keywords: Characterization, Ash gourd, Germplasm, Qualitative and quantitative characters, coefficient of variation

Location: Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ash gourd

Objectives:

The present study was carried out to characterize indigenous ash gourd germplasm through qualitative and quantitative characters to identify the promising germplasm and provide genetic diversity for crops improvement programs.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the experimental field at Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during the Kharif season of 2019-20. Although about 100 ash gourd germplasm were included in the experiment out of them only 70 germplasm were germinated and among them lastly, data were collected from 58 germplasm. Plants were damage at different stages due to excessive rainfall. The germplasm was collected from different parts of Bangladesh. The unit plot size was 3m X 3m. Pits of 50 x 50 x 50 cm were prepared 10 days before transplanting seedlings in the main field. The seeds were sown in the well-prepared plastic pot on 27 February 2020 and seedlings were transplanted in the pit of the main plot on 24 March 2020. Recommended fertilizers Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, ZnSO4, and Borax were applied at the rate of 175-175-150-100-12.5-10 Kgha-1 and 20 ton ha-1 decomposed cow-dung (FRG, 2018). The full doses of cowdung, TSP, gypsum, Zinc sulphate, boric acid, and half doses of MoP were applied during the pit preparation before one week of transplanting. The remaining MoP and urea were applied in the four equal installments as side-dressing at 15, 35, 55, and 75 days after transplanting. Intercultural operations were done when necessary. For maintaining genetic integrity selfing with butter paper bag and hand pollination was done. To control red pumpkin beetle, mite, and leaf miner, Sevin @ 2g/Lit. Besides pheromone trap (Cuelure) was used in the ash gourd field to control the cucurbit fruit fly. Data were collected from germination to harvesting. Fruit data collecting is going on. Both qualitative and quantitative data were recorded as per Minimal Descriptors of Agri-Horticultural crops. Part II (Srivastava, 2001). Range, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of quantitative characters were calculated.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019--2020, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Variation was observed in early plant vigour, leaf size, fruit shape, fruit skin colour and fruit skin lustre. In-plant character, early plant vigour was showed the variability among the accessions. Early plant vigour good was found at 77.6% and very good at 22.5%. In leaf character, variation was observed only in leaf size. Small leaf size was found 22.5%, medium 45% and large 32.8% germplasm. Based on the fruit the character variations were obtained in fruit shape, mature fruit skin colour and fruit skin lustre. The maximum variation was observed in fruit shape and fruit skin lustre. Three types of fruit shapes were found among the germplasm. Cylindrical fruit shapes were found at 57.5%, club 5.17% and spindle 22.5%. Fruit skin colour was found in two types. Light green fruit skin colour was obtained 26% and intermediate 74.5% in germplasm. As well as three types of fruit skin lustre were observed among the germplasm. Matt fruit skin lustre was obtained 62.1%, intermediate 22.5% and glossy 8.62%. There was no variation observed in some characters like long vine plant growth habit, stem pubescence present, angular stem shape, the tendril was present coiled type tendril with branching for all germplasm. In the case of leaf, multifid leaf margin, cordate leaf shape, soft nature leaf pubescence and dense leaf pubescence In flower character, smoothly angled peduncle shape and monoecious sex type. Moreover in fruit character, dense fruit pubescence flattened stem end fruit shape and flattened blossom end fruit shape. Range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of different quantitative characters of ash gourd has been presented in Table 5. The range of germination percentage from 10 to 90 with an average (37.76%). The maximum germination (90%) was observed in germplasm KASA-65 and NQR-33. Days to germination ranged from 4 to 15. Germination has completed an average of 8.59 days. Petiole length ranged from 7.5cm to 15.3 cm. Nodal position of 1^st male flower ranged from 2 to 10 with an average (3.72). Nodal position of 1^st female flower ranged from 2 to 19 with an average of 11.55. Days to 1^st male flower ranged from 40 to 75 with an average (54.5 days). The early male flowering (40 days) germplasm AMA-165 and AMA- 316. Days to 1^st female flower ranged from 44 to 76 with an average (56.43 days). The early female flowering (44 days) germplasm TRMR-147. The number of primary branches ranged from 2 to 5 with an average (2.35). The number of fruit plant^-1 ranged from 1 to 7 and an average of (3.26). The maximum fruit was found in germplasm NTR-8. Fruit length ranged from 12 cm to 33.5 cm and an average (23.01 cm). The highest fruit length was obtained in germplasm KMR-292. The fruit breadth ranged from 10.25 to 21.33 cm. The maximum fruit breadth was found in germplasm RAI-41 and AMA-83. In addition, individual fruit weight ranged from 0.64 to 1.9 kg and an average (1.24 kg). The highest individual fruit weight was found in germplasm IA-58. Among the germplasm, the maximum coefficient of variation was calculated (56.57%) from the % of germplasm which was followed by no. of fruit plant^-1 (45.83%). The minimum coefficient of variation was found in days to 1^st female flower (13.06%) which was followed by fruit breadth (14.34%) and petiole length (15.03%).

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