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Biology of Lemon Butterfly Papilio Demoleus (lepidoptera: Papilionidae): the Effect of Neem Oil on Food Consumption

S. Karim
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. A. Ahad
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. R. Amin
Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

T. M. T. Iqbal
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to know the biology and the effect of neem Azadirachta indica oil on the food consumption of lemon butterfly Papilio demoleus. The results of the biology of lemon butterfly showed that P. demoleus starts mating after emergence of 2.1 ± 0.1 days and mating lasts for 2.3 ± 0.2 hours, and the preoviposition period was found 1.3 ± 0.2 days. A female laid on an average 22.1 ± 1.4 eggs during the lifespan and 97.5% of them were hatched. The ovipostion, incubation, larval and pupal period was found 2.0 ± 0.0, 4.8 ± 0.1, 18.9 ± 0.3 and 10.7 ± 0.2 days, respectively. The male and female longevity were 4.2 ± 0.1 and 6.3 ± 0.2 days, respectively. The 5th instar larvae consumed the highest amount of lemon leaves. Among the treatments, 1.5% neem oil showed strong antifeedant effect on food consumption.

Keywords: Biology, Papilo demoleus, Neem

Location: Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-09-2006

End Date: 00-12-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Butterfly

Objectives:

For proper management of any insect pest, it is important to know the biology and feeding behaviour of the insect. But there is no sufficient information regarding biology of lemon butter fly under Bangladesh condition. Now a days environmental friendly botanical insecticide e.g. neem oil is used as an effective remedy against various destructive insects. So, the present study was undertaken to know the biology of lemon butterfly and to figure out the effect of different concentrations of neem oil on the amount of leaf consumption which might help to formulate proper management of this pest.

Methodology:

Rearing of insect: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from September to December 2006. To get sufficient number of the adult butterflies for the study, different available stages of the larvae were collected from lemon plants of the university campus. They were placed singly in 15 petridishes (11 cm diameter) with young lemon leaves (variety Elachi lebu, Citrus lemon). A small water socked cotton ball was put around petiole to keep the leaves fresh. The leaves were renewed at an interval of 24 hours. On the other hand, two years old 10 air layered lemon plants of the variety elachi lebu were collected from a local nursery. They were potted in 10 earthen pots (30 cm × 20 cm × 15 cm). Each pot with the plant was veiled with a mosquito net (2 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m). When the larvae reached at the final instar, they were transferred on to those netted lemon plants for pupation. After adult emergence they were sexed and placed in pair on lemon plants for mating and laying eggs. Later on the eggs were allowed to hatch on the potted plants and adequate number of first instar larvae was obtained for further study.

Study of biology: From the above laboratory culture, the newly hatched first instar larvae were placed singly in 10 petridishes. Those 10 petri dishes were used as 10 replications. The leaves were supplied as food for the larvae and were changed every 24 hours interval. Water socked cotton ball was used around petiole to keep the leaves fresh. The durations and the number of moultings of each larval instar were noted. The larval instars were determined by the presence of exuviae. As they reached final instar, larvae were placed on twigs of lemon plants. Finally, those were set in 10 glass jars (14 cm × 8 cm) to assist in pupation. The base of the twig was set in a narrow mouthed bottle filled with water to keep that fresh. Days required for the completion of the pupal stages were also recorded. When the adults emerged, a male and a female butterfly were paired inside the netted lemon plant and they were observed constantly to watch the pre-mating, mating, pre-oviposition, oviposition, incubation periods and fecundity.

Effect of neem oil on food consumption: For this purpose, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of neem oil were used. At first, 10 lemon leaves were weighted and then sprayed with the oils using a hand sprayer as used by Haque and Parvin (1996). In control treatment leaves were treated with distilled water. Four hand sprayers were used for each treatment to avoid any admixture of the oils. Then the leaves from the plants were placed in 10 petridishes. Later on, the newly hatch larvae were individually placed in each petridish. The leaves were renewed after the change of each instar and later on the previously used leaf blade was measured. The quantity (mg) of leaf consumed by the different larvae was determined by deducting the weight of the healthy leaves from that of fed leaves. In this way the weight (mg) of leaf consumed by different larval instars was recorded with the help of an electric balance.

Source of Information: J. Sci. technol. (Dinajpur) Vol. 5: 28-34 (2007) ISSN 1994-0386

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

So, the finding paved the way to conclude that neem oil could be used in managing lemon butterfly. However, proper dose(s) and other related issues must be standardized through further investigations.

Knowledge Management: Journal