Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Biopesticides: a Potential Tool for the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Tea

S.K. Paul*
SO
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar.

M. Ahmed
Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Several species of plant parasitic nematodes have been encountered in tea soils and cause a significant economic damage to tea plants both in the nursery and in new plantation. Nematodes mainly destroy or cease to function of the root system of tea seedlings resulting stagnation of growth, yellowing and wilting of leaves even die-back and death may occur in severe cases. Chemical pesticides are only the widely useful remedy to reduce nematode population from the tea soil world wide. Continuous application of inorganic pesticides imparts resistance to the pests, deteriorate soil health, kill the beneficial microorganism as well as damage human health and environment. So, the development of alternative control strategies and tactics to replace or complement chemical nematicides for the management of plant parasitic nematodes is urgently needed. In this context, biopesticides like botanicals (plant extracts) and nematopathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) can be a potential tool for controlling plant parasitic nematodes because they are considered as environmentally safe, biodegradable, economical and renewable. This review article discusses the potential uses, advantages and limitations of biopesticides. It also encourages the use of biopesticides as a component of integrated pest management of plant parasitic nematodes in tea.

Keywords: Plant parasitic nematodes, Biopesticides, Potential tool, Tea.

Location: Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Pesticide, Nematodes, Tea

Objectives:

In this review, the potential uses of botanicals and nematopathogenic microorganisms have been discussed in reducing populations of nematodes to facilitate future research on the management of plant parasitic nematodes in tea.

Methodology:

(a) Plant extracts Plants contain many bioactive organic chemicals in the form of metabolites which act against pests as insecticidal, repellent, antifeedant, bacteriocidal, fungicidal, nematicidal and also as stomach poison. As many as 2121 plant species have been reported to possess pest control properties. It has been estimated that the plants contain as many as 4,00,000 secondary metabolites (Radhakrishnan, 2010). Over 90% of the aqueous extracts from 153 Chinese herbal remedies representing 71 plant families were nematicidal or nematistatic to Pratylenchus spp or Meloidogyne spp (Chitwood, 2002). In recent years, a variety of plants have been evaluated for their nematicidal properties and efficacy in the management of plant parasitic nematodes.

(b) Microbials Plant-associated microorganisms have important roles in natural and induced suppressiveness of plant parasitic nematodes. Many researchers have reported on the effectiveness of several culturable microorganisms viz. bacteria and fungi as biocontrol agent against plant parasitic nematodes in different crops . They produce and excrete metabolites that are inhibitory to nematodes and induce systemic resistance against nematodes (Elyousr et al., 2010).

(b) Microbials Plant-associated microorganisms have important roles in natural and induced suppressiveness of plant parasitic nematodes. Many researchers have reported on the effectiveness of several culturable microorganisms viz. bacteria and fungi as biocontrol agent against plant parasitic nematodes in different crops (Rahanandeh et al., 2012; Mukhtar et al., 2013). They produce and excrete metabolites that are inhibitory to nematodes and induce systemic resistance against nematodes.

Fungi: Nematopathogenic fungi are carnivorous fungal species that use their spores or mycelial structures to capture vermiform nematodes, or use their hyphal tips to parasitize the eggs and cysts of nematodes or produce toxins to damage nematodes (Khan and Haque, 2011). They are the natural enemies of nematodes and have developed very sophisticated strategies to either infect or capture these small animals. Nematopathogenic fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms, and their nematopathogenic habit is generally considered to have evolved independently in different fungal classes. Nematopathogenic fungi or fungi destructive to nematodes can infect, kill and digest nematodes in each of three phases (eggs, larvae and adults). These soil fungi are present in most parts of the world and are found in all types of weather. Over 200 species from 6 different classes of fungi were reported to parasitize on nematode eggs, juveniles, adult and cysts (Mukhtar et al., 2013). Many of the nematopathogenic fungi are facultative parasites and they can survive in soil as a saprophyte. If there is a host plant, they can change from a saprophytic to a parasitic stage and produce an infection form structures, e.g. trapping organs, hyphal coils or appressoria. These infection structures vary depending on the type of host nematode, fungus or plant.

Source of Information: Tea J. Bangladesh, 43: 24-33, 2014 ISSN: 0253-5483

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biopesticides is eco-friendly option for the management of plant parasitic nematodes. Some plant extracts, bacteria and fungi have been shown potentiality in reducing plant parasitic nematodes population in soil. These potential biopesticides should be incorporated in IPM programme of nematode management in tea. It is important to survey and identify the common plants available in tea growing areas and study the mode of action of the active ingredients. It is also important to develop a simple user friendly technique for the indigenous preparations and to fix the correct dosage of the biopreparations for effective nematode control. Study should also be made to determine the effect of botanicals on other beneficial microorganisms in soil.

Isolation and identification of different species of nematopathogenic fungi and bacteria from tea soil is required. In vitro and in vivo studies should be made to find out the most effective microbials against tea nematodes. Mass production technique of those effective microorganisms should be developed for large scale use. Finally, microbials using selected strain(s) of nematopathogenic fungi and bacteria in carrier based dry, powder as well as in liquid form must be developed for convenience of soil application and longer shelf life. Research on adaptation of nematopathogenic microorganisms to unfavorable condition such as temperature, humidity, sunlight or moisture stress should be done further. Assessment of the compatibility of nematopathogenic microorganisms to the chemical pesticides can offer improved scope for their integration. Efforts should be taken to improve efficiency in quality control of potential microbials. In case of commercially available botanicals and microbials, their active ingredient and shelf life is an important factor to be considered. Their efficacy should be tested before use. Research and development on biopesticidal management of plant parasitic nematodes in tea should be intensified.

Knowledge Management: Journal