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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Management of the Chittagong City Corporation

Md. Danesh Miah
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

M Abubokor Siddik
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has an impact on climate generating greenhouse gases (GHG). To quantify GHG emission from MSW management activities (transportation, composting, recycling and landfill), this study was conducted in the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC). Data were collected about detail MSW management activities of the CCC through conducting a structured questionnaire survey on related personnel with MSW management. To collect data about recycling, another questionnaire survey was conducted on all junkshops near to both dumping sites (Anandabazar and Arefin Nogor) of the CCC. The study found that, composting and recycling of MSW have a positive contribution in reducing GHG emissions. Transportation and land-filling of MSW have a contribution in GHG emission. The amount of GHG emission from the existing MSW management system of the CCC is 31,904.68 tons of CO2-eq per month. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study on composting shows that, the reduction of GHG emission is 3.66 tons of CO2-eq per ton of produced compost. The study finding is expected to contribute to the field of climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Composting; Recycling, Transportation, Land-filling, Life Cycle Assessment

Location: Chittagong City Corporation (CCC), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-08-2014

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Emission and measurement of green-house gas

Objectives:

To select proper treatment facilities for MSWM to reduce GHG emission and to the climate change mitigation practitioners in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) area during January 2014 through August 2014. Description of the study area: Chittagong is the second-largest city and also known as the commercial capital of Bangladesh. It is bounded on the south by the Anowara and Patiya Upazilas, on the east by the Patiya and Boalkhali Upazilas, on the north by the Hathazari and Sitakunda Upazilas and the west by the Bay of Bengal (Figure 1). The land area of Chittagong city is 157 square kilometers (61 square miles). It is located between 22014' and 22030' north latitudes and between 91045' and 91053' east longitudes. In Chittagong city, mean annual rainfall is 3058 mm with mean annual temperature 29.53°C having a mean annual relative humidity 78% [49]. According to the Population Census 2011, total population of Chittagong city is 25,92,439 having male 13,67,852 and females 12,24,587 with a population density 16513 per km² in the total number of households 5,58,097. Sampling: In order to carry out the study, the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) area was selected purposively because it generates huge amount of solid waste daily by 6.5 million city dwellers. The legal responsibility of solid waste management lies on the CCC in Chittagong. Data were collected about detail of MSWM of the CCC (such as waste generation, waste collection, waste transportation, fuel (diesel) consumption for waste collection and operational maintenance, the population of Chittagong city, organizational arrangements for MSWM) from the CCC office. Data were also collected about composting (such as the amount of organic waste used in composting, energy consumption for composting plant maintenance, amount of compost production and its utilization) from compost plant office. Personal interviews were conducted of related personnel with MSWM of the CCC. Data analysis: Data were processed and analyzed for assessment of GHG emission and assessment of LCA of composting by using Microsoft Excel 2007, and “GHG calculator for Solid Waste-Version II.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40 : 21-46, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study reveals that the existing municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system of the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) is not climate-friendly. It is a significant contributor to global climate change because it releases huge amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) from different solid waste management activities. The result from the assessment indicates that, composting and recycling are climate-friendly among municipal solid waste (MSW) management activities of the CCC. These two methods have a positive contribution in reducing GHG emissions. Notwithstanding this, transportation and land-filling of MSW are responsible for GHG emissions. However, the study will be useful for strategy development on climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.

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