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Gross Anatomy and Morphometry of Selected Visceral Organs of Broiler Chicken at Different Age Groups

Ripa Rani
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Hossain M. Golbar
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Shah Md. Abdur Rauf*
Corresponding author
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A lot of diseases develop pathognomonic lesions in some visceral organs. It is important to know the normal anatomy, morphometry and color of these visceral organs to find out the changes due to specific diseases during necropsy. Considering these views, the research was planned to make baseline data on the visceral organs of broiler chickens. A total of 50 broilers with the age of 2 and 4 weeks, 25 in each age group, were euthanized and liver, lungs, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and ceca were collected at necropsy. The length, breadth, thickness, weight and volume of each organ were recorded using the measuring scale, electric balance and water displacement. The liver was flattened and deep reddish-brown in color. The mean weight, length, width and thickness of right and left lobes at the age of 2 weeks were 12.94±1.34 g, 6.0±0.36 cm, 3.20±0.16 cm, 0.62±0.23 cm; and 5.70±0.14 cm, 1.80±0.22 cm and 0.62±0.14 cm, respectively. On the other hand, at 4 weeks they were 43.12±3.61 g, 9.07±0.31 cm, 4.73±0.38 cm, 0.83±0.17 cm; and 7.10±0.29 cm, 3.47±0.20 cm and 0.80±0.14 cm for the right and left lobes, respectively. The lungs were nearly rectangular, unlobed, bright red in color. The mean weight of lungs of 2 and 4 week were 1.94±0.15 g and 8.02±1.09 gm, respectively. The length, width and volume of lungs were 2.27±0.21 cm, 2.30±0.08 cm, 1.57±0.33 cc and 3.30±0.16 cm, 2.43±0.26 cm, 8.00±0.81 cc at the age of 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The spleen was oval, reddish-brown in color. The weight, length and diameter of spleen at 2 weeks were 0.56±0.25 g, 1.40±0.29 cm and 2.63±0.39 cm while those at 4 weeks were 1.90±0.41 g, 1.93±0.14 cm, and 4.10±0.28 cm. The bursa of Fabricius was round, cream-colored having a diameter of 3.57±0.17 cm and 3.97±0.16 cm, respectively at 2 and 4 weeks of age. The diameters of left and right cecum at 2 and 4 week of age were 1.93±0.40 cm and 3.10±0.36 cm; 1.97±0.25 cm and 2.87±0.66 cm respectively.

Keywords: Anatomy, Morphometry, Visceral organs, Disease diagnosis

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Broiler

Objectives:

To investigate gross anatomy of visceral organs of chicken to provide baseline information on color, shape, weight, length, breadth and thickness of broiler chickens at 2 and 4 weeks of age with color pictures to support proper diagnosis of disease by necropsy.

Methodology:

Materials and Methods:
The experiment was conducted on 50 apparently healthy broiler chickens (Cobb 300) irrespective of sex and at 2 and 4 weeks of age, as mortality usually occurs at this age in farms. Each group consisted of 25 chickens. The chickens were purchased from selected poultry farms surrounding the area of the Rajshahi City Corporation area.

Gross morphological evaluation:
After taking the body weight, birds of specified age groups were sacrificed by halal method. Thereafter, various measurements including length, width, thickness, diameter, weight and volume of different organs such as liver, lungs, spleen, bursa, cecum, duodenum, jejunum and proventriculus were recorded using a measuring tape, Vernier caliper, measuring cylinder and electric balance.

Statistical analysis:
The means (X) and standard deviation (SD) for each gross anatomical parameter of broilers were computed using Microsoft Excel Software. Group means of length, width, thickness, diameter, and weight of visceral organs of broiler birds were compared using statistical computer software M Stat-C (Gomez and Gomez, 1983).

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 6 (3), 555-563; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v6i3.49808; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Postmortem examination is the main technique used for diagnosis of poultry diseases in Bangladesh. Liver, lungs, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, cecum, duodenum, jejunum and colorectum are the most important organs for diseases diagnosis at postmortem. Many infectious and noninfectious diseases bring pathognomonic lesions on these visceral organs of chicken with regards to change in color, size, shape and consistency. To identify these changes of those visceral organs we must know the normal color, size, shape, consistency of them at different ages. The anatomy and morphometric parameters obtained in this study will help proper diagnosis of disease by postmortem examination thus aid increased in poultry production, protein supply, income generation, poverty alleviation and protection of public health.

Knowledge Management: Journal