Research Model Technology Organizational Environment model (Tornatzsy & Fleischer's, 1990) is used in this study. This model gives us insight in e-Commerce adoption by different type of corporations and organizations along with its impact on different type of critical successful factors including technological, organizational, environmental and strategical factors. The TOE model is useful in the prediction of wide range of innovations and contexts. 1) Technological factors narrated with three sub variables: information and communication technology, customer service and business processing. These will be both internal and external technologies. 2) Organizational factors are related with three sub variables: culture, security and privacy, trust which gives the several descriptive measures of firm size and scope, formalization and centralization with the complexity of its managerial structure as well as the amount security and trust with slack resources availability of SMEs companies. 3) Environmental factors constructed with variables of government intervention, business partner affiliation and value chain which related to industry, competitors, access to resources supplied by others and dealings with SMEs firm. 4) Strategical factors consisted with experience, need and value which gives theories of adoption of electronic commerce as well as the strategies that companies choose to develops a competitive advantage, the models on economic interactions, the barriers on the part of companies to be included in the electronic marketplace. The research model is displayed in the below:
Hypothesis Development H1: There is a positive relationship between technological factors (information and communication technology, customer services, business processing) and e-Commerce adoption. H2: There is a positive relationship between organizational factors (culture, security & privacy, trust) and e-Commerce adoption. H3: There is a positive relationship between environmental factors (government intervention, business partner affiliation, value chain) and e-Commerce adoption H4: There is a positive relationship between strategical factors (experience, need, value) and e-Commerce adoption
Methods of Data Collection The framework of this study based on TOE model illustrates the relationships between e-Commerce adoption by corporations and the freelance and interactive impact of technological, organizational, environmental and strategical critical successful factors which relating to owner/manager/employee profile. During the present analysis, responses were sought-after on every analysis question by formulating relevant queries with the analysis meant to assemble information from an outsized range of respondents in several business sectors that are set in elect regions over a large geographic area which are SMEs registered in Dhaka, Chittagong, Mymensing, Gazipur and Narayangonj regions of Bangladesh. Every respondent received a questionnaire and was distributed via email and Facebook for easy communication. More than seven hundred SMEs have been elected from producing & construction, media & ICT, health services, sales and selling, transport, education, cordial reception, finance & insurance, agriculture & food process sectors. The sectors were elected to support the expected high utilization of innovative technologies, as earlier established through pilot study. Amongst them 500 respondents correctly responded to the questionnaires. Correlation analysis with proper regression model utilized to measure the impact of e-Commerce adoption on different factors.
Data Analysis and Discussion Male and female participants are 78%, 22% respectively. Majority of the respondents 49.4% age between 31 to 40 years. 37% of the respondents are junior staff and simple workers, 19% are supervisor/foreman/section officer, 22% are branch managers, 18.3% are chief executive/managing director, and 3.2% are freelancers participating in the study. Industry distribution among respondents; 16.2% belong to manufacturing, 13.4% to construction, 15% to finance, 20% to service, 12.2% to communication, 22.8% to technology, and 0.6% to other organizations.