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Water Quality of BARIshal Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh for Drinking, Irrigation, Aquaculture and Livestock Consumption

Md. Imdadul Hoque
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Aktarul Islam
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Niaz Morshed
Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Sub-station Barishal, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to assess of groundwater and surface water quality of Barisal Sadar Upazila. Total 22 water samples (11 pond water and 11 groundwater) were collected from January to March 2017. Samples were slightly acidic in nature and 7 pond water not suitable for aquaculture in respect of pH. Samples of pond were “excellent” and groundwater samples were “good” for irrigation except two high salinity group water for irrigation for EC. Calcium indicates the samples were suitable for aquaculture but 7 samples were not suitable due to higher Mg content. In respect of K, 9 samples were not suitable for aquaculture. Cu concentrations found suitable for all purposes. For Fe and Zn samples are suitable for irrigation and consumption. Chloride showed samples were not suitable for livestock consumption except 7 ponds sample. Samples are not suitable for aquaculture in respect of Cl, Fe and Zn. For Manganese, samples (except 1) found suitable for consumption. Samples were “excellent” for sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant crops in respect of B. Not any samples responded to CO3 test and HCO3 concentrations found normal. All water sources free from Arsenic contamination. Phosphorus concentration in groundwater might not be harmful for multipurpose use. SAR categorized all samples “excellent” class for irrigation except 2 groundwater samples. 15 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 4 were “unsuitable” for irrigation in respect of RSC. For HT, 13 were “moderately hard” and 09 were “hard” limit for irrigation and samples were suitable for drinking and livestock consumption.

Keywords: Drinking water, Irrigation water, Aquaculture, Livestock, Surface water, Groundwater

Location: Barisal district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2017

End Date: 00-03-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Drinking water, Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To evaluate the chemical quality and suitability of water for drinking, irrigation, aquaculture and livestock consumption.

Methodology:

Barisal Upazila is in southern Bangladesh and located in south-central Bangladesh. It is located in the north part of Bay of Bangle and 15-20 feet height from sea level. Barisal Sadar is located at 22.70000°N 90.3667°E is bounded by Babuganj, Muladi and Mehendiganj Upazilas on the north, Bakerganj and Nalchity Upazila on the south, Mehendiganj and Bhola Sadar Upazilas on the east, Jhalokathi and Nalchity Upazilas on the west. It covers a part of the Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ 18). Barisal Sadar Upazila is a central area of Barisal district. There are 10 unions, 41823 households in the Sadar Upazila. Among the 10 unions, 5 are separated by the river kirtonkhola from the mainland. The area of sadar upazila is 387 sqKm. The population of Upazila is 218680 (Population Census-2001). Climate: Typical monsoon climate with maximum 33.3°C and minimum 12.1°C; annual rainfall 2506 mm (1997).
Eleven pond water and eleven groundwater samples were collected from the different locations of Barisal Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh which cover a part of Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ 18). The samples were collected during January to March 2017 following techniques outlined by Hunt and Wilson (1986) and APHA (2005). All the samples were collected in 0.5 L clean plastic bottle previously washed with diluted hydrochloric acid (1:1) followed by distilled water and was sealed immediately to avoid air exposure. During sampling, all the waters were colorless, odorless, tasteless and also free from turbidity. The chemical analyses were performed at the laboratory of soil Science, Agricultural Chemistry Department, Prof. Mohammad Hossain central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and Soil science laboratory of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). The pH was determined following method mentioned by Eaton et al. (1995), EC and TDS were by Tandon (1995). CO3 and HCO3 were determined acidimetrically and argentometric titration was followed for the determination of Cl after Eaton et al. (1995). Ca and Mg were determined by the complexometric method of titration Page et al. (1982). Na and K were determined by flame photometrically following the method outlined by Gosh et al. (1983). Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and As were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) outlined by Eaton et al. (1995). P was determined colorimetrically by the stannous chloride method stated by APHA (1995). B was determined by Azomethine-H method following the instructions of Page et al. (1982). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Hardness (HT) were calculated following the standard formula mentioned by Mishra and Ahmed (1993), Richards (1968) and Michael (1997). The statistical analyses of the analytical results obtained from water samples were performed (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) with the help of computer package M-STAT.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 6 (1), 44-55; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v6i1.46478; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Within this research program, the study was carried out to evaluate the chemical constituents and the suitability of water samples of Barisal upazila. The samples were slightly acidic in nature and 07 pond water were not suitable for aquaculture in respect of pH. EC delineated that all the samples of pond were rated as “low salinity” and groundwaters were “medium salinity” (C2) class for irrigation although two samples of groundwater are High salinity group (C3). All samples of pond were “excellent” and all the groundwaters were “good” for irrigation except two high salinity group water. In respect of TDS the samples were “highest desirable” limit for drinking and “fresh water” for irrigation and also suitable for aquaculture and livestock. Calcium shows that the samples were “maximum permissible” class for drinking and 1 sample was “maximum permissible” in respect of Mg. Calcium indicate the samples were suitable for aquaculture but 7 samples (No. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11) were not suitable due to higher Mg content. Sodium of the samples was within the safe limit for multipurpose use. In respect of K, 09 samples were unsuitable for aquaculture and all of the water samples exceeded the irrigation recommendation limit. The waters of the study area were within safe limits and suitable for drinking, irrigation, aquaculture and livestock consumption in respect of Cu. Cl showed the samples were unsuitable for livestock consumption except 7 ponds water (No. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 11) were suitable and the rest are not suitable for aquaculture. The samples were not suitable for aquaculture but suitable for drinking, irrigation and livestock consumption in respect of Fe. Manganese indicated that 1 sample (No. 9) was not suitable for drinking and livestock consumption and all are not suitable for aquaculture but suitable for irrigation. Not suitable result was found in Zn for aquaculture but significant result was found for drinking, irrigation and livestock consumption. All samples were “excellent” for sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant crops in respect of B. None of the samples were responded to CO3 test and HCO3 concentrations were found almost at normal level. All the water sources were free from As contamination. The present investigation showed that the P concentration in groundwater sources of Barisal upazila might not be harmful for multipurpose use. Sodium absorption ratio categorized the samples “excellent” class for irrigation except 2 groundwater samples (sample no. 5 and 6). Among 22 samples(pond + tube-well) of both pond and tube-well SSP rated 6 samples as “excellent” 15 were “good” and 01 as “permissible” for irrigation, 15 samples were “suitable”, 03 were “marginal” and 04 were “unsuitable” for irrigation. With respect to HT, out of 22 samples (pond + tube-well) 13 were “moderately hard” and 09 were “hard” limit for irrigation and the samples were suitable for livestock consumption.

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